NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAZ XXV. 1918. 9 



9. Nucifraga platyrchynchos Brehm = N. caryocatactes caryocatactes. 



Nucifraga platyrhynchos Brehm, Isis, 1833, pp. 973, 794 ("Dieser Nussknacker muss die Gebirge 

 des Nordostens bewohnen ; erscheint nur sehr selten in unserm Vaterlande. Bin Stiick meiner 

 Sammluag wurde bei Greifswald, ein anderes, ein Weibchen, in der hiesigen Gegend, beide im 

 September 1821, erlegt "). 



Type: "$ primo auctumno." Rodatal, September 1821. 



This must be the type. No specimen from Greifswald can be traced, and 

 the Nutcrackers that appear in autumn and winter in Pommerania are almost 

 without exceptions long-billed Siberian wanderers, N. caryoc. macrorhynchos. 



10. Nucifraga arguata Brehm = N. caryocatactes caryocatactes. 

 Nucifraga arquata Brehm, Vogdfang, p. 66 (1855 — No exact locality stated). 



Type : <? ad., Karnthen, 3. x. 1836. This specimen must be the type ; it 

 has on its label the name arquata {Nucifraga caryocatactes arquata) in C. L. 

 Brehm's handwriting, and shows the exceptionally curved (" bogenformigen") 

 bill. 



*11. Nucifraga macrorhynchos Brehm = N. caryocatactes macrorhynchos. 



Nucifraga macrorhynchos Brehm, Lehrb. Naturg. ear. Yog. i. p. 103 (1823^-" Er bewohnt die 

 Gebirgswalder des mittlern und nordostlichen Europa, und Nordasiens, und komm von ihnen 

 nach mehrern Jahren ein Mai im September und October in viele Gegenden Europas und in die 

 meisten unseres Vaterlandes "). 



Type : $ ad., Orlatal (Brehm wrote " Orltal " or " VaUis orlana,") 10. x. 1821. 

 C. L. Brehm leg. 



Brehm clearly distinguished, almost a century ago, between the two forms 

 of Nutcrackers, the thick-billed European and the thin-billed Siberian one, but 

 he shot far over the mark in separating four others, based on individual charac- 

 ters, and he was quite in the dark about the real home of macrorhynchos, which 

 he believed to be a European mountain-form, Uke the thick-billed one is in 

 Central Europe. We now know that it inhabits Siberia and migrates into Europe. 

 The thick-billed form is a more or less sedentary race which does not actually 

 migrate ; in Brehm's times it appeared, however, regularly in Thuringia in 

 autumn and winter, and I expect that there were then breeding-places nearer 

 there than now. It still nests, though, in the Harz. 



*12. Garrulus garrulns fasciatus A. E. Brehm = Garrulus glandarius fasciatus. 

 Garrulus garrulus fasciatus A. E. Brehm, Allg. D. Naturh. Zeit. 1857. p. 446 (" Auf Gebirgen und 

 Waldern von ganz Spanien "). 



Type: 3 ad.. Sierra Nevada, 21. xi. 1856. A. E. Brehm leg. 



This is undoubtedly the type specimen, it being called on the label the 

 real fasciatus, and a description added. The Spanish form is quite distinct. 

 Unfortunately, in 1903, I named this bird, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 30, Garrulus 

 glandarius hleinschmidti, because I was unaware of the description of fasciatus. 

 Many of the names by A. E. Brehm in the Naturh. Zeit. had been overlooked, 

 until I called attention to them in an article in Zool. Ann. iii. pp. 64^8, and 

 in the later parts of my Vog. pal. Fauna. The type of my kleinschmidti is the 

 type of fasciatus ! 



Garrulus garrulus fasciatus of Alfred Brehm is merely a slip for G. glarir 

 darius fasciatus. 



