606 TEXT-BOOK OF EMBRYOLOGY. 



b. One body normal, the other abnormal or much mal- 

 formed: Unequal mono chorionic twins. 

 2. The two bodies united; formed alike (equal), or one remains 

 more or less rudimentary (unequal) : Twins joined together; 

 duplicate monsters. 



a. Union confined to lower end of body: Double monsters 

 with posterior union; anterior duplicity. 



b. Union confined to middle of body, or extending from 

 middle forward: Double monsters with middle union. 



c. Union limited to upper end of body, or extending from 

 upper end downward: Double monsters with anterior 

 union; posterior duplicity. ) 



B. Duplicity does not affect entire anlage, but only a part : Incomplete 

 duplicity. 

 i. Two incomplete anlagen (or primitive streaks) pass over into 



a single anlage: Posterior incomplete duplicity. 

 2: An originally single anlage forms by dichotomous growth two 

 ■ separate upper (anterior) ends: Anterior incomplete duplicity. 

 In addition: Triplicity, quadruplicity, etc., (multiplicity). 

 II. Both bodies derived from two originally dissimilar, asymmetrical 

 anlagen, of which one, always rudimentary, becomes more or less en- 

 closed and nourished by the other: True parasitic duplicity; asym- 

 metrical duplicity. 

 In addition: Teratoid tumors. 



Symmetrical Duplicity. 



As seen from the foregoing scheme, there are included under this head 

 double forms in which both embryos develop within a single chorion (mono- 

 chorionic twins), and in which the bodies may be distinct and separate 

 (complete duplicity) or may be united (incomplete duplicity). In complete 

 duplicity each embryo usually possesses its own amnion and umbilical cord, 

 but both are attached to the same placenta. In such cases the conditions of 

 nutrition and rate of growth may be so similar in the two individuals that their 

 development is equal (equal monochorionic twins). They may grow to 

 maturity, and they , always bear a remarkable resemblance to each other in 

 physical features and in mental characteristics and are always of the same 

 sex. More commonly, however, the development of separate monochorionic 

 twins is unequal, caused probably by dissimilar conditions of nutrition. In 

 some instances the less favored individual is but slightly affected, so that it 

 may be born and be able to maintain an independent existence. On the other 



