10 
up and set them out on a damp day, or in the evening or morning 
if only dry weather occurs. 
When planted, water the tops by a thorough sprinkling at night, 
and provide a slight shading by day for a few days, with a liberal 
mulching or frequent spading around the tree. By this means 
thousands of valuable trees will be saved, that by the usual process 
of immediate planting out, are yearly and unnecessarily numbered 
with the missing, the dying, and the dead. 
Diceine tie Hores AND pLAntina.—If the land has been well 
and deeply subsoiled, as already advised, the digging of pits for the 
planting will be a small affair. The whole soil being deeply dng, 
no more ground need be moved than is necessary to give ample 
room for the tree with its well expanded roots. Set the tree more 
or less deep, according to the nature of the soil and the make of 
the land. If clayey, or too level, not so deep, but if very friable 
and rolling, then set them deeper, even to one foot lower than they 
stood in the nursery, for in the latter soil, the washing away of the 
land, and the effects of hard freezings upon the roots in an open 
winter, are indeed very important matters, and should be duly 
regarded. In such soil too, firmness of base tor the tree is of the 
first importance. 
Ser THE TREES LEANING.—Our hardest winds usually come from 
the South-West, and our trees are often injured on that side by the 
clear shining sun, reflected too by the oft glazed snow, after a hard 
freezing, causing the bark to come off in many instances, and the 
more so,as the surfaces of the trunks are yearly increased. To 
guard against this, I would lean the trees in setting them, a good 
deal in that direction, so as to stand up against the winds, and to 
cause the sun’s rays to fall more obliquely upon their bodies, and 
at the same time aid their shadowing by the overhanging limbs on 
that side of the tree. 
Disraycu aparr ro ser raz Trees.—For mutual protection, an] 
to induce the more entire giving up of the orchard ground to the 
trees, I advise that in our bleak and exposed lands, we set our trees 
one rod apart each way, and in some cases a less rather than a 
greater distance. If in the hopeful future the trees should become 
too closely connected, it will be far better to cut out every other 
tree in every other row—they having already well accomplished their 
mission—rather than to endure the long continued, unsocial, bean- 
