164 



BRACHIOPODA. 

 LiNGULA loWENSIS, Owen. 



Lmgula lowensis, Owen 1844. Geol. Rep. Iowa, Wisoons. and III., 



p. 70, pi. 15, fig. 1. 

 Lingula quidrata ? Owen 1851. Geol. Rep. Wisoon., Iowa and Minn., 



pi. 2 B, fig. 8. 

 Hall 1862. Geol. WL^eons., vol. I, p. 46, fig. 1, 



and p. 435. 

 Meek and Worthen. . . .1868. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. III., p. 305, 



pi. 2, fig. 4. 

 Lingulella lowensis, Whitfield 1882. Geol. Wiscons., vol. IV., p. 242, pi. 9, 



fig. 1. 

 Liiujiihi lowensis, Hall. . . . 1892. Pal. N. York, vol. VIII., pt. 1, p. 8, 



pi. 1, fig. 14. 

 H II Winchell and Sohuchert..l893. Lower Silur. Brach. Minn, (advance 



copies from Final Rep. Geol. Minn., vol. 



III., pt. 1,) p. 349, pi. 29, figs. 19-22. 



Southeast side of Elk Island, Lake Winnipeg, Dr. A. R. C. Selwyn, 

 1872; three specimens " frora loose fragments of limestone:" and two 

 miles south of Whiteway (or Dog Head) Point, on the same lake, D. B. 

 Dowling, 1891; one specimen. 



The following observations upon the affinities of this species are made 

 by Professor Winchell and Mr. Schuchert in their memoir on " the Lower 

 Silurian Brachiopoda of Minnesota." "Lingula quadrata, as identified 

 by Hall, * and Billings, f we regard as identical with L. rectilateralis, 

 Emmons. \ This species occurs in the Trenton, Utica slate and Loraine 

 groups of New York and eastern Canada, and differs but slightly, if 

 any, from L. lowensis, Owen. The characteristic striated hinge areas of 

 L. lowensis, Owen, and L. Cincinnatiensis, Hall and Whitfield, have not 

 been observed in L. rectilateralis, Emmons. Should these parts eventual- 

 ly be discovered in the latter species, L. lozvensis, Owen, will give place 

 to L. rectilateralis, as the latter has two years' priority over the former. 

 Professor Hall in 1847 ** regarded Emmons's species as a synonym of 

 L. quadrata, Eiohwald, while Whitfield ft regarded this form as identical 

 with L. lowensis, Owen.'' " We have seen four specimens of typical 

 Lingula quadrata, Eichwald, froTi Esthonia, in the collection of Mr. 

 Ulrich, and these prove beyond a doubt that none of the American 

 forms identified with this species are correctly naujed. The Russian 

 species is larger, with very strongly convex valves and a more narrowly 



* Palaeontology of New York, vol. I. (1847), p. 96, pi. 30, fig. 4, and p. 285, pi. 79, fig. 1. 



t Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, 1856, vol. I. , p. .318, fig. 8. 



t Geology of New York ; Report of the Second District (1842), p, 399, fig. 6. 



**Loc. oit., p. 28.5. 



tt IjOC. cit., p. 242. 



