RUTICILLA. CYANECULA. 9 



Ruticilla titys. Black Redstart. 

 Sylvia tithys, Scopoli, Ann. I. Hist. Nat. p. 157 (1769). 

 Sylvia tithys, Naum. iii. p. 525. 

 Ruticilla tithys, Macg. ii. p. 311; Gray, p. 58; Gould, ii. 



pi. 52; Hurting, p. 13. 

 Phoenicura tithys, Heivitson, p. 105; Yarr. ed. 2, i. p. 264; 



id. ed. 3, i. p. 274. 

 Ruticilla titys, Newton, i. p. 333; Dresser, ii. p. 293. 

 Black Redstart, Yarr. ed. 1, i. p. 241. 



Titys, so spelt by Gesner ; but the best Greek authorities write tItU, a small 

 chirping bird. Cf. tittvPH^ui = I chirp like a Partridge, and our Titmoaae, 

 Tit]a,rk. {Cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, *. p. 227.) 



A winter visitant to the south-west of Great Britain : 

 occasional elsewhere, and in Ireland: has been known to 

 breed in Notts. Breeds all over Central and Southern 

 Europe. Winters in North Africa. 



Genus CYANECULA, C. L. Brehm, Isis, 1828, p. 1280. 



Cyanecula = the little bluebird, from cyanus = Kvavos, a dark blue substance. 



Cyanecula WOlfi. White-spotted Bluethroat. 



Sylvia wolfii, Brehm, Beitrage zur Vogelkunde, ii. 

 p. 173 (1822). 



Sylvia (Cyanecula) wolfii, Naum. xiii. p. 377. 

 Ruticilla wolfi, Newton, i. p. 324. 

 Cyanecula leucocyana, Gould, ii. pi. 50. 

 Cyanecula wolfi, Harting, p. 103; Dresser, ii. p. 311. 



Named after Prof. Johann Wolf, Professor in Nuremberg, a celebrated German 

 ornithologist, and joint author with Dr. B. Meyer of the ' Taschenbuch d. 

 deutsch. Togelkunde ' (1809-1810) and other works. 



A single specimen of this, the usual Western-European 

 form, was obtained in the Isle of Wight by Capt. Hadfield 

 {cf. Harting, I. c), and another near Scarborough, April 

 1876 ('Zoologist,' 1876, p. 4956). A third example is 

 recorded by Mr. J. Hancock ('Birds of Northumberland 

 and Durham,' p. 67) from near London, May 1845. 



