pycnonotidjE. 35 



Anthus spipoletta, Newton, i, p. 58l. 



SjpipoUtta, the common Italian name for any Pipit. Cf. Ital. pispigliare = 

 to whisper. From the root of pipio, pipilo = I chirp, Fr. piper, Dutch pieper, 

 our pipe, peep, pipit. Linnaeue's spinoUtta is a misprint ; cf. Newton, I. c. 



A very rare straggler to Great Britain. Breeds in Central 

 and Southern Europej and extends eastwards into Central 

 Asia ; winters iu North Africa. 



Anthus oTbscurus. Eock-Pipit. 



Alauda obscura^ Latham, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 494 (1790). 



Anthus aquaticus, Macg. ii. p. 194; Hewitson, p. 174. 

 Anthus obscurus, Gray, p. 71 ; Newton, i. p. 586 ; Gould, iii. 



pi. 10; Harting, p. 24; Dresser, iii. p. 343. 

 Anthus petrosusj Yarr. ed. 2, i. p. 433; id. ed. 3, i. p. 457. 

 Rock Pipit, Yarr. ed. 1, i. p. 394. 



ObscHrus = dark. 



A common resident on the British coasts. Breeds through- 

 out Northern Europe, and winters in Central and Southern 

 Europe. 



[Family PYCNONOTIDJi;. 

 Genus PTCNONOTUS, Kuhl, fide F. Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973. 



Pycnonotus, from ttuki/os = close, compact, and vdrov = the back ; in refer- 

 ence to the dense plumage. 



Pycnonotus harhatus. Dusky Bulbul. 



Turdus barbatus, Desfontaines, Mem. de TAc. Roy. des 

 Sciences, p. 500(1787). 



Pycnonotus barbatus, Newton, i. p. 250 ; Dresser, iii. p. 353. 



Barbdtus = having a beard, barba, from the dark throat. 



An inhabitant of North-west Africa down to the Gaboon ; 



it has erroneously been said to have been found in Spain. 



Its occurrence in England (Zool. s. s. p. 228) is exceedingly 



doubtful.] 



2d 



