52 FRINGILLID.E. 



Genus FRINGILLA, Linnaus, Syst. Nat. i. p. 317 (1766). 



Fringilla = some small bird, in classical Latin ; probably akin to frlgo = I 

 squeak, frigutio = I twitter, (ppvyiXos = some bird in Aristophanes, Av. 762, 

 875, etc. 



Fringilla cselebs. Chaffinch. 



Fringilla coelebs, lAnnaus, S.N. i. p. 318 (1766). 



Fringilla coelebsj Naum. v. p. 13; Macg. i. p. 329; Hewitson, 

 p. 192 ; Yarr. ed. 2, i. p. 507; id. ed. 3^ i. p. 532 ; Newton, 

 ii. p. 68 ; Gould, iii. pi. 34 ; Harting, p. 27 ; Dresser, iv. 

 p. 3. 



Fringilla cselebs^ Gray, p. 94. 



Chaffinch, Yarr. ed. 1, i. p. 460. 



Calebs = unmarried, single ; because Linnasus noticed that female OhaSiuches 

 emigrate southwards from Sweden in autumn, leaving the males " celibate" till 

 Bpriug. 



Resident and generally distributed, except in the Hebrides. 

 It occurs throughout the Western Palsearctic Region, though 

 very rare in North-west Africa, where it is replaced by 

 F. spodiogena. 



Fringilla montifringilla. Beambling. 



Fringilla Montifringilla, l,innmus, S . N. i. p. 318 



(1766). 

 Fringilla montifringilla, Naum. v. p. 44; Macg. i. p. 335 

 Hewitson, p. 194; Gray, p. 94; Yarr. ed. 2, i. p. 512 

 id. ed. 3, i. p. 537 ; Newton, ii. p. 75 ; Gould, iii. pi. 35 

 Harting, p. 27; Dresser, iv. p. 15. 

 Mountain Finch, Yarr. ed. 1, i. p. 465. 



Montifringilla = mountain-flnch ; from mons + fringilla, 



A winter visitant, irregular only in the midland and western 

 districts, throughout the British Isles ; it has once been 

 known to breed in Perthshire. Found in most districts of 

 the Palaearctic Region, it rarely breeds south of lat. 60° N. 



