58 



FRINGILLID^. 



p. 110; Yarr. ed. 2, ii. p. 1 ; id. ed. 3, ii. p. 1 ; Newton, 

 ii. p. 187 ; Gould, iii. pi. 45 ; Hurting, p. 29 ; Dresser, 

 iv. p. 127. 



Loxia europaea, Macy. i. p. 417. 



Common Crossbill, Yarr. ed. 1, ii. p. 14. 



Ciirvlrostra = with a curved beak, from curvus + rostrum. 



An irregular and uncertain visitant, chiefly between mid- 

 summer and February, to almost every part of the British 

 Isles ; it breeds in many localities intermittently ; and the 

 native birds are at irregular intervals supplemented by 

 nomadic flights. It occurs in the pine-districts of the whole 

 Palsearctic Region, either as a resident or a wanderer. 



Loxia leucoptera. White- winged Crossbill. 



Loxia leucoptera, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. p. 844 (1788) . 



Loxia leucoptera, Naum. xiii. p. 188 ; Macg. iii. p. 689 ; Gray, 

 p. Ill j Yarr. ed. 2, ii. p. 28 ; id. ed. 3, ii. p. 33 ; Newton, 

 ii. p. 218 ; Gould, iii. pi. 48 ; Hurting, p. 116 ; Dresser, 

 iv. p. 137. 



White-winged Crossbill, Yarr. ed. 1, ii. p. 38. 



Le%icoptera = white-winged, from Xeu/cos -\- Trrepov. 



One was killed near Worcester (1838), one at Exmouth 

 (1845), and one was caught at sea oW Great Yarmouth (1870). 

 Inhabits northern North America. It has occurred in Heli- 

 goland. 



Loxia bifasciata. Two-bakked Crossbill. 



Crucirostra bifasciata, C. L. Brehm, Ornis, iii. 

 p. 85 (1827). 



Loxia bifasciata, Gray, p. Ill ; Yarr. ed. 8, ii. p. 27; Newton, 

 ii. p. 211; Gould, iii. pi. 47; Hurting, p. 115; Dresser, 

 iv. p. 141. 



Bifasciata = with two bands, from bis + fascia. 



Small flocks have occurred in Cumberland and Suffolk, 



