60 FRINGILLID^. 



Resident, or locally migrant, in cultivated districts through- 

 out the British Isles. Dispersed throughout the central and 

 southern parts of the Palsearctic Region as far east as 

 Turkestan. 



Emberiza citrinella. Yellow Hammer. 



Emberiza Citrinella, Linncms, S. N. i. p. 309 (1766). 



Emberiza citrinella, Naum. iv. p. 234 ; Macg. i. p. 445 ; 



Heivitson, p. 188 ; Gray, p. 103 ; Yarr. ed. 2, i. p. 490 ; 



id. ed. 3, i. p. 515 ; Newton, ii. p. 43 ; Gould, iii. pi. 22 



Harting, p. 26; Dresser, iv. p. 171. 

 Yellow Bunting, Yarr. ed. 1, i. p. 443. 



Citrinella, diminutive of citri7ius, for which see Serinus, p. 48. 



Resident in, or a winter immigrant to, every part of Great 

 Britain. Occurs generally in Europe, and in Western Asia 

 as far east as Turkestan. 



Emberiza cirlus. Cirl Bunting. 



Emberiza Cirlus, Zirt««?/5, S. N. i. p. 311 (1766). 



Emberiza cirlus, Naum. iv. p. 251 ; Macg. i. p. 450 ; Hewit- 

 son, p. 190 ; Gray, p. 104 ; Yarr. ed. 2, i. p. 495 ; id. 

 ed. 3, i. p. 520 ; Newton, ii. p. 50 ; Gould, iii. pi. 23 ; 

 Harting, p. 26 ; Dresser, iv. p. 177. 



Cirl Bunting, Yarr. ed. 1, i. p. 448. 



Cirlus, like the German Zirl-ammer, is from the Italian Hrlare = to chirp, to 

 cry zi zi {cf. Klein, Hii,f. Av. Prodr. p. 91, 1750). The bird is still caUed ZiH 

 iu Piedmont ; and Salvadori (Fauna <V Italia, p. 138) gives Zivolo, Zigolo, &c., 

 as its common Italian names. 



Locally resident in all the southern counties of England, 

 except the extreme east : has once been recorded from Banff, 

 and has occurred in Ireland. Common in Central and 

 Southern Europe, and in some parts of Algeria and Asia 

 Minor. 



