28 MICHIGAN SURVEY, 1908. 



Aspen. The large amount of hardwood present was an unexpected feature. 

 This forest may be considered transitional between the Balsam, White 

 Spruce forest, and the Hard Maple, Yellow Birch, Balsam and Arfjor 

 Vitse forest as found on the Desor Trail (III, '04). 



The undergrowth consisted of Ground Hemlock in abundance. Moun- 

 tain Maple, Beaked Hazel, young Balsams and Birches. The ground 

 cover was composed of GUntonia iorealis, Lycopodkim lecidulum, GUt- 

 tonia, on dry rotten wood. Aster macrophyllus, Large- flowering Easp- 

 berry and Wild Sarsaparilla. 



Mountain Maples and young Balsams showed a marked tendency to 

 take possession of the trail. The lack of an undergrowth in the dense 

 swamps was particularly noticeable, and the clearly defined old trail 

 through such places indicated relatively stable conditions. 



A very marked characteristic of this trail was its limited fauna. Very 

 few birds were seen, and Red Squirrels were not at all abundant. Sev- 

 eral times we saw the remains of Balsam cones where a Red Squirrel 

 had taken a meal. Almost no effort was made to collect invertebrates. 



Station V, Substation 8. Arior Vitae Swamp. This swamp marked 

 the end of our Haytown Trail, and bordered on a small stream. The 

 dark colored soil contained much humus and was soft and spongy. The 

 vegetation bordering this stream was composed of Speckled Alder, Skunk 

 Cabbage, Marsh Marigold, GUntonia torealis, scattered Blue Flags, 

 and Ground Cornel; in the moderate shade, Goptis trifolia, Mountain Ash, 

 young Arbor Vitae and Balsams, Twayblade, and, in the damp places, 

 away from the stream, Mitella nuda. 



In the dense and apparently well drained swamp there was a firm 

 humic soil covered by a thick layer of leaves, conifer needles and twigs. 

 The ground cover was composed of Ground Cornel, GUntonia horealis 

 and Wild Sarsaparilla, with an undergrowth of Mountain Maple, Ciliated 

 Honeysuckle, numerous young Balsams, young Arbor Vitae, Ground 

 Hemlock, Mountain Ash, and Beaked Hazel. The large Tamaracks were 

 about 3 feet in diameter, and the Arbor Vitae about 2 feet, others about 

 20 inches in diameter were abundant. It is thus seen that this was 

 an old and mature swamp with some very large trees, under which the 

 ground was quite open. With better drainage, the young or suppressed 

 undergrowth would succeed the Tamarack society. 



The old trail through this swamp was remarkably well preserved and 

 distinct because the dominance of the large shade-producing trees pre- 

 vented the development of an undergrowth. No animals were collected. 



Station V, Substation 9. Outlet of Sishomt Lake. A trail or path 

 ran from the head of the outlet of Siskowit Lake south to the Siskowit 

 Bay beach, a distance less than a quarter of a mile. The area traversed 

 had been burned, and second growth had developed, the best of which 

 was in the depressions where the soil is deeper. The open ridges near 

 Siskowit Lake, where the soil is thin, have an open growth near the 

 head of the trail and support Prmms pennsylvanica, Birch, Dierville dier- 

 ville, Mountain Ash, Mountain Maple, Amelanohier oligocarpa, Ground 

 Cornel, Everlasting, Wild Rose, White Clover, Fire Weed and mosses. 

 In the depressions among the underbrush in the deeper soil and in shade 



