ECOLOGY OF ISLE ROY ALE. 95 



The seeds of tlie tamarack mature quicker than the spruce, hence the 

 Crossbills would prefer tlie tamai-acks during the earlier part of the 

 summer. The Black-throated Green Warbler was characteristic of 

 forests where there were a number of large birch trees, and this bird 

 was only seen in those swamps which had several of these trees around 

 the edge. Indeed the only true swami> bird seen here was the Marsh 

 Hawk, and that was only seen once. 



In the thickest part of the cedar swamp only a iew birds were seen, 

 and these were the Winter Wren, Chickadee, Red-breasted Nuthatch, and 

 Bi'bwn Creeper. The Canada Jay, Nashville Warbler, Black-throated 

 Blue Warbler and Black-throated Green Warbler Avere seen where the 

 trees were tall and farther apart. 



4. Birds of Clearinf/s and Partial Clearings, The characteristic 

 birds of the clearings were the Chipping Sparrow, Junco, White-throat- 

 ed Sparrow, Flicker, Cedar Waxwing, Purple Finch and Sharp-tailed 

 Grouse. 



The Cedar Waxwing and Purple Finch were often seen feeding ou 

 berries in the clearing-s, and a Flicker was observed scratching in an 

 ant's nest and eating the ants. iUany ants nests were found scratched 

 to pieces, probably by these birds. 



The characteristic birds of the partial clearings were the White- 

 throated Sparrow, Cedar N'^'axwing, Chickadee, Olive-backed Thrush, 

 Wilson's Thrush and Nashville Warbler. 



5. Birds Frequ&iiting the Forests. In the forests of birch or aspen 

 the Eed-eyed Vireo and Oven Bird were quite abundant, and in many 

 small tracts of birch and aspens these were the only birds seen. Other 

 birds seen many times in these forests were Wilson's Thrush, Chickadee, 

 Black-throated Green Warbler and Canada Jay. The characteristic 

 birds of the spruce and balsam forests were the Chickadee, Eed-breasted 

 Nuthatch, Golden-crowned Kinglet, Magnolia Warbler, Canada Jay 

 and Wilson's Thrush. The Magnolia Warbler seemed to prefer places 

 where the trees were not very high, for on the small rocky knolls which 

 were covered with stunted spruce and balsam, this bird was more 

 numerous than elsewhere. 



