338 MICHIGAN SURVEY, 1908. 



to the limited time spent here it was of course impossible to examine 

 every locality, and so the records simply indicate the particular habitats 

 in which the species under discussion were actually found. If observa- 

 tions were conducted for a sufSciently long period, the majority of the 

 birds on the island would probably be recorded for nearly every habitat 

 even if they did not breed in them ; especially would this be true during 

 migrations. It is not my intention, therefore, to give every habitat 

 in which a particular species might be found, but rather to give the 

 habitats which are preferred by that bird, — conditions which can be said 

 to be characteristic of that species. 



When a species was seen before the opening of migration, and yet 

 no other signs of its breeding were found, it was considered simply 

 as a resident, and the first and last dates when it was noted are giyen. 

 The migration records of the resident birds are probably nearly all later 

 thau they should be, but the dates are given when they were first seen in 

 actual migration. Many of the birds were still migrating at the time I 

 left the island (September 21) , and in such instances this is the last date 

 given, and signifies that the migration of the bird was still under way. 

 More extended observations on this interesting movement of the birds can 

 be found in the paper "The Fall Migration of Birds," which is included 

 in this volume. The paper on "The Ecological Distribution of Birds" 

 should also be consulted for a discussion of that phase of the work. 



From July 5 to September 22 we recorded 63 summer residents, 3 

 winter residents, 31 migrants, and 14 permanent residents, making a 

 total of 111 species. In 1904 we obseiTed eight birds which were not 

 recorded the second year ; these were : Sora, American Ck)ot, Least Spud- 

 piper, Short-eared Owl, Bronzed Grackle, American Goldfinch, Olay-col- 

 ored Sparrow, and White-breasted Nuthatch. Besides these, the Club- 

 house people described three other forms, the Snowy Owl, Snow Bunting, 

 and Lapland Longspur, making a total of 122 species known to occur on 

 the island. Many ducks come to the island, but the descriptions given by 

 the fishermen were of no help in their determination. A complete list 

 of the birds observed during the summer and fall of 1905, arranged as 

 "Summer Residents," "Migrants," "Winter Residents," and "Permanent 

 Residents," is included in this paper. Forty-two species were found 

 breeding. 



I have attempted to make this more than a simple annotated list — 

 a, list giving nothing but the occurrence, relative abundance, and dates 

 of migration. Besides this usual data, I have given as complete a life 

 history of each species as I could, using nothing but the original records 

 secured by the expedition. All habitat records are also included so that 

 the characteristic environment of the birds may be understood. 



I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Chas. C. Adams for the 

 opportunity of accompanying the expedition, and for his kindness and 

 assistance in the preparation of this paper. 



Specimens representing nearly every species found on the island were 

 secured and are now in the collection of the University of Michigan 

 Museum. For the determination of certain specimens we are indebted 

 to Mr. H. C. Oberholser of the Smithsonian Institution. 



