ECOLOGY OF ISLE ROYALE. 359 



were found, their harsh cry attracting instant attention. As a rule 

 they were found in pairs Avith sometimes a third, perhaps a young one. 

 The only record for Washington Harbor was one observed Septeijiber 

 3 on Washington Island (X, '04). 



47. Empidonax flariventris (463). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. 



Range : Eastern North America west to the Plains, and from south- 

 ern Labrador south through the eastern Mexico to Panama, breeding 

 from the Northern states northward. 



Stations: Rock Harbor, tamarack and arbor vitae swamps, I, 4, 

 II, 2. 

 Tamarack and Spruce forest, II, 2, 5. 

 Washington Harbor, near river, II, 04. 



Resident : July 14. 



Jfigrant : September 13. 



A pair of this species was seen in a tamarack swamp (II, 2). on 

 July 14, and an adult female taken. Another pair was found in a 

 cedar swamp (I, 4) July 2C. These birds were sitting on top of high 

 birch" trees and one uttered a note which resembled that of the Wood 

 Pewee. None were noted at Siskowit and only one at Washington 

 Harbor. On the morning of September 13 an adult male was found dead 

 near the river. It did not lie there the evening before, so probably 

 died while passing over during the night. Many other species were 

 found dead on this same morning, the day after the great wave, but 

 no outward indications were evident which would point to the cause 

 of death. It might be noted here that the temperature was a number 

 of degrees below freezing. See discussion under head of "Perils of 

 Migration." 



48. Empidonax trailUi alnonim (466a). Alder Flycatcher. 

 Range: Eastern North America from the Maritime Provinces and 



New England westward at least to northern Michigan, etc., breeding 

 from the southern edge of the Canadian Fauna northward; in winter 

 south to Central America. 



Stations : Rock Harbor, alders, II, 1. 



Washington Harbor, alders, II, '04. 



The Alder Flycatcher appears to be very rare from our data, but owing 

 to its small size and to the fact that much of its time is spent in thick 

 alder bushes or the tops of the forest trees, it seems probable that it 

 is more common than it appeared to be. Small Flycatchers were often 

 seen in these situations, but could not be procured and without doubt 

 luany of these were alders. A single specimen was procured August 

 26 in a clump of tag alders near Washington River (II, '04). 



49. Empidonax minimus (467). Least Flycatcher. 



Range: Chiefly eastern North America, west to eastern Colorado and 

 central Montana, south in winter to Central America. Breeds from 

 the Northern States northward. 



Stations : Washington Harbor, I, '04, II, '04. 



Migration: August 20 to September 14. 



The Least li'lycatcher was noted only in migration, but some of the 

 Immature specimens were so young as to warrant the supposition that 

 they breed on the island. The first were seen on August 20, and were 

 abundant the rest of August and during the first large waves of Septem- 



