442 LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 



ornamental plantations, as an artoretnm, with collections 

 of trees in families, and also a portion as a pinetum — 

 each, genus being kept by itself— and through which is a 

 walk making the circuit of the place ; the whole being 

 divided by a wire fence from the portion above des- 

 cribed as arranged for a park, which is kept short by 

 cattle and sheep. 



All the space necessary for vegetable and flower gar- 

 dens, pinetum, arboretum, orchards, etc., was, of course, 

 taken entirely from the wood — ^the trees being cut down 

 and their roots grubbed up. 



Having attempted to describe a place made by the 

 axe, out of a wood, we wiU now give some account of 

 the other and different style of country residence before 

 referred to, entirely by the spade and from the ground. 



The whole estate at "Wellesley" consists, we be- 

 lieve, of two hundred acres, being an unimproved por- 

 tion of an old family place of many hundred acres. 



The part selected by Mr. Hunnewell for the orna- 

 mental improvement of his groimds comprises about 

 forty acres, originally a flat, sandy, arid plain, which, 

 when he took it in hand, in 1851, only seven years 

 since, was more or less covered with a tangled growth 

 of dwarf pitch pine, scrub oak, and birch, all of which 

 were cut down and ploughed up. 



The first thing done was to trench over and thorough- 

 ly prepare with composted muck, an acre or more for a 

 nursery, • which was planted with large quantities of 

 Norway spruce, white pines, balsams, Austrian pines, 

 Scotch firs, larch, beech, oaks, elms, maples, etc., mostly 

 imported from England, not over twelve to fifteen 

 inches high, with some few native trees of greater age, 

 previously prepared. The lawn was then graded, sub- 

 soiled, and a large portion trenched by spade, and after 

 being very heavily manured and enriched with com- 

 post, was for several years cultivated in order to amelior- 

 ate and subdue the soil ; the boundaries of the place, 



