PROPAGATION OF HARDY TREES 41 



attained flowering size. Ulex (Furze, Whin, or Gorse) 

 is propagated by seeds or cuttings, and Wistarias by 

 seeds or by layering. 



Rosacea. — This includes Prunus, the shrubby 

 forms of which can, in the majority of cases, be 

 increased by cuttings or layers ; Spiraea and Kerria 

 (Jews' Mallow), cuttings of which root readily at 

 almost any time of the year ; Exochorda (Pearl Bush), 

 must be raised from seed to do any good ; Rubus 

 (Brambles), some of which can be propagated by 

 suckers, and the remainder by pegging the points 

 of the shoots down to form young plants ; Rosa 

 (Rose), the species of which should be increased by 

 seeds, cuttings, or layers, though seeds will not 

 always come true, as Roses become hybridised very 

 readily ; and Cotoneaster, which are increased by 

 seeds, cuttings, or layers. 



Saxifrages. — In this order Hydrangea, Deutsia, 

 Philadelphus (Mock Orange), Escallonia, and Ribes 

 (Flowering Currant) are included. All are easily 

 propagated by cuttings taken in almost any season 

 of the year. With the exception of Hydrangea, 

 which should be struck under glass, all the mem- 

 bers of this order root readily outdoors in the 

 winter. 



Caprifoliaces. — This order contains such genera 

 as Sambucus (Elder), Viburnum, Lonicera (Honey- 

 suckle), Symphoricarpus (Snowberry tree), Abelia, 

 Leycesteria, and Diervilla. All are easily propagated 

 by cuttings or by layering. The cuttings can be 

 taken at almost any time of the year, and root 



