DISEASES OF FARM ANIMALS I29 



cholera." Many calves so affected are really " liv- 

 ing abortions." They have just enough life at birth to 

 exist a few hours and show the symptoms de- 

 scribed, and such calves are usually the offspring 

 of cows that, during pregnancy, have been incom- 

 pletely nourished upon timothy or swale hay, or 

 coarse fodder, without an adequate supply of other 

 foods to balance the ration ; or similar calves may 

 come from fat, flabby, corn-stuffed, beef-bred cows. 



The trouble may be prevented by proper feeding 

 of the pregnant cow, but there is no cure. A ma- 

 jority of such cases, however, are due to germ 

 infection. Cows affected with contagious abortion 

 may produce affected calves; the afterbirth and 

 navel cord are invaded by the germs in such cases 

 and the calf is improperly nourished in the womb. 

 In other instances, calf cholera is due to filth germs 

 entering the calf's system by way of the raw navel 

 cord stump at birth, or the mouth when the calf 

 nurses from a manure-contaminated udder. 



Prevent infective cases by providing a clean, 

 fresh-bedded, disinfected, whitewashed, sunlighted, 

 ventilated pen for the new-born calf, and immedi- 

 ately wet its navel with a 1-500 solution of cor- 

 rosive sublimate and repeat the application twice 

 daily until the cord dries up, drops off and no raw 

 spot remains. Also wash the hind parts of the cow 

 and her udder with a two per cent solution of coal 

 tar disinfectant before the calf is allowed to suck 

 for the first time and repeat the washing twice 

 daily for at least a week. Isolate affected calves. 

 Bury or burn the dead. 



CALF SCOURS.— See White Scours. 



CANCER.— Malignant growths, the cause or 

 causes of which are not known ; nor can it be said 

 the disease is infectious. While a very serious 



