158 THE farmer's veterinarian 



manure, it follows that if these be destroyed or 

 removed, and not permitted to accumulate, the 

 floods of flies will disappear. The fly remedies 

 now on the market are excellent. When sprayed 

 about the stable premises and on the animals the 

 flies stay away until the application evaporates. 

 Darkened stables are not attractive to flies, and 

 by this means the nuisance and annoyance is min- 

 imized. 



FLUKES, LIVER.— See Liver Flukes. 



FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE.— This malady 

 generally afifects ruminants, but, although found 

 most often in cattle, sheep, and goats, it may be 

 transmitted to swine, and, in some instances, to 

 horses, dogs, cats, birds, or human beings. In most 

 cases where proper disinfection is made the animal 

 recovers in about 15 days. The most dangerous 

 thing about foot and mouth disease is the fact that 

 it spreads so rapidly. The virus which transmits 

 the disease may be carried by railroad cars, bedding, 

 feeds, dairy products, dogs, cats, birds, or persons. 

 A dog running through a pasture may be the means 

 of infecting a whole herd. 



The cause of the disease has not been satisfac- 

 torily determined, but it is definitely known that the 

 virus which reproduces the disease comes from the 

 ulcers and natural secretions and excretions of 

 the body, such as milk, saliva, perspiration, feces, 

 urine, and exhalation. The contagion is not harm- 

 ful when dried. Infected animals lose the power of 

 transmitting the disease when the ulcers of the 

 mouth, feet, and udder have healed. 



In from three to five days after infection the 

 animal has a moderate fever. The appetite is lost 

 and the mouth is kept closed. There is a dribbling 

 of saliva, and in two or three days yellowish-white 



