GARDENING FoR ALL. 47 
for radishes in the markets when the spring months are past. 
It is the early produce of all descriptions that pays the best ; 
late crops either yield a small profit or none, and sometimes 
can neither be sold or given away in the neighbourhood. 
Judgment and tact are required in marketing garden produce 
as in all other commercial pursuits. 
SALSIFY.—(Tvragopogon porrifolium). 
Salsify is a British plant, and is sometimes found 
growing in wet meadows. 
It is occasionally cultivated as a vegetable in this 
country, but much more extensively on the Continent. 
The culture is very simple. Sow in April on ground 
that has been well manured for a previous crop, as for carrots 
and parsnips. Sow in drills fourteen inches apart, and an 
inch and a half deep. Thin out to six inches apart. The 
roots may remain in the ground, like parsnips, until required ; 
or may be taken up and stored away like carrots and beet. 
In cooking, the roots should at first be merely washed ; 
then parboiled and the outside skin, which is dark in colour, 
be scraped off, and the roots again boiled in milk until quite 
tender. 
SCORZONERA.—(Scorzonera hispanica). 
Though there is a difference between this plant and 
salsify, the culture is similar. 
TURNIP.— (Brassica campestris, sub sp. rapa). 
The turnip is a hardy biennial found in corn fields and 
similar places in this country. The root, which is succulent 
under cultivation, is hard and woody in its wild state. 
Cultivation having converted it into the useful vegetable it is, 
neglect and improper cultural conditions soon cause it to 
revert to the comparatively useless nature of its wild state, 
hence its frequent failure in gardens. 
Success in turnip culture depends mainly upon the. 
presence in the soil of an adequate supply of food and of 
moisture, and an absence of insect pests, in the form of the 
turnip flea, the turnip fly, and slugs. A soil well supplied 
with lime, potash, phosphoric acid, nitrogen, and moisture, 
will produce good crops of turnips. Poverty and drought 
produces failure. 
