72 GARDENING FoR AiL. 
ground admits of. Five or six inches only of the top soil is 
removed to either side of the bed for use in earthing-up; a 
heavy dressing of manure is given and carefully forked in, 
and the celery planted nine inches apart in straight lines 
across the bed. 
Boards, nine inches wide and the exact width of the 
bed, are used to facilitate the earthing-up operation. One 
board is placed against a row of celery, and a second board 
against the next row of celery, each board facing the other. 
Soil may then be thrown between the boards without damage 
to the plants, and the usual process of placing it around each 
plant with the hand goes on with ease. 
The routine of cultivation is very simple, and two 
requirements must always be complied with if success is 
to be attained, viz. :—An adequate supply of moisture and 
of food must always be present from the time the seed is 
sown until growth is completed. 
For early crops, sow seed during January in shallow 
pans or boxes of light soil, and place the same in a 
warm and light greenhouse or hot-bed until the seedlings 
have made three or four leaves; when they must be 
transplanted into a frame or into other boxes, using a good 
rich compost of loam, leaf-mould, and well-rotted manure in- 
corporated thoroughly together. Keep them growing until the 
end of May and then plant out in trenches in the usual way. 
Very early celery may be obtained by leaving plants eight 
inches apart on the hot-bed, where they will grow vigorously, 
and blanch them by tying brown paper round each plant. 
For later crops, sow in heat in February and in a cold 
frame in March, treating the young plants as before advised. 
Plant out in June and July, lifting the plants as carefully 
as possible with a good ball of soil, and plant them in the 
well-manured beds or trenches nine inches apart; a good 
watering will then complete the operation. Do not earth up 
too early, or apply too much soil at one operation. 
ENDIVE.—(Cichorium Endivia). 
Although endive has become a common garden plant, it 
is not really hardy. It was introduced from India in 1548, is 
easily grown, and is most useful for household purposes in 
winter. 
