100 GARDENING FOR ALL. 
until the following winter, when all old and superfluous canes 
are cut out, and the remainder shortened to some fancied and 
particular height. 
Manure is then applied and dug in with the spade, 
masses of roots are cut off in the operation each year, and 
the plants become weaker each successive season until they 
are almost worthless. That is how not to grow them. 
The raspberry delights in a deep, fertile, and moist soil, 
but it cannot withstand stagnant water. It is usually found 
growing, in a state of 
nature, in cool and 
moist woods where the 
shade is not dense but 
where they obtain some 
sunshine during the 
day. Consequently, the 
raspberry is a very 
valuable plant to culti- 
vate as an under crop, 
particularly under 
plum trees; but, of 
course, it is most 
profitable when grown 
in open and sunny 
positions. 
In preparing for 
a new plantation of 
raspberries, the ground 
A shows the old style of pruning should be deeply dug, 
Raspberries, B shows the new and or trenched, and 
better style of pruning. heavily manured. This 
will permit the strong 
‘‘anchor-roots’ to penetrate deeply, and they will also be 
provided with abundance of food. 
When selecting canes for planting—which may be done 
from November to March—choose medium-sized and well- 
ripened canes rather than large and gross ones; the former 
will produce the best canes for subsequent fruiting. Let 
these be cut down to eight or nine inches from the soil, in 
order that their whole energy may be directed into forming 
