GARDENING FoR ALL. IO 
good new canes for subsequent fruiting, instead of being 
wasted in producing weak and useless side-shoots on the 
greater part of the unshortened cane. 
Many are tempted to plant very strong canes with the 
hope of obtaining both fruit and good new canes the first 
year after planting; in this they are nearly certain to be 
disappointed, because such canes rarely develope fruit or 
canes of any use the first year, so a year is lost. 
The most productive method or style of planting 
raspberries is in continuous lines, the canes being tied to 
wires or laths; this style is the best for gardens, especially 
small ones. In fields and market gardens they are usually 
planted in single “stools” at three feet apart—with or 
without stakes—and four feet from row to row. 
The early summer management of raspberries consists of 
pulling up all weak and superflouous young growths, leaving 
four or five of the strongest to each stool, and in keeping the 
ground clear of weeds. If mulching was not put on before, 
to conserve the moistvre about the roots, it ought to be 
applied now. 
In autumn the old canes that have fruited should be cut 
out—the beginning of September is a good time—and their 
removal will allow a free access of light and air to the canes 
that are to produce fruit the following year, giving them 
greater maturity and fruitfulness. 
If the previous cultural details have been attended to 
there will not be much work to do about the raspberries in 
winter. What remains to be done will mainly consist of 
tying in the canes where support is given; shortening them a 
little—but not too much; hoeing and raking the ground about 
them and applying the usual dressing of manure; spreading 
it on the top of the soil as far as the roots extend around, and 
leaving it there. In case of heavy soil the surface may be 
pricked over with a fork, avoiding going down to the roots: 
but light soil is better left alone, except with the hoe. 
STRAWBERRY.—(Fragaria vesca). 
Strawberries constitute one of the most profitable crops. 
of the garden or allotment. It is the favourite fruit of all 
classes and is rarely produced in too great abundance. 
