116 GARDENING FoR ALL. 
The quince is a good stock upon which to graft most 
varieties of pears for ordinary garden culture; but for large 
standards in orchards that have to withstand gales it is 
usually better to use the ‘‘ free” or pear stock. 
The procedure in respect to planting and pruning is 
precisely similar to that given for apples. When grown as 
pyramids, dwarf bushes, espaliers, cordons, and against walls, 
a little protection from frost can easily be applied to pears 
when in flower. A few small boughs of yew, box, laurel, 
spruce, or silver fir can easily be fixed among the pear 
branches, and the little protection thus given for a week or 
two often makes all the difference between having a good 
crop of fruit and no fruit. 
Manner of opening a trench around a tree for the purposes 
of root-pruning, root-lifting, and transplanting. 
Similar protecting branches of evergreens may be used 
to pears against walls, and also to peaches, apricots and plums 
when in flower, if there is no better means of protection at 
hand. 
Good varieties for growing as cordons are Beurré Super- 
fine, Doyenne du Comice, Glou Morceau, Josephene de 
Malines, Louise Bonne de Jersey, Chaumontel. Marie Louise, 
Passe Colmar, Princess, and Winter Nelis. 
Suitable pears for walls with south aspect are :— 
Thompson’s, Winter Nelis, Louise Bonne de Jersey, Beurré 
Rance, Beurré Bose, Pitmaston Duchesse, Glou Morceau, 
