132 GARDENING FOR ALL. 
PEA AND BEAN WEEVIL.—/Bruchus). 
Seed peas and beans frequently contain the perfect insect 
at the time of sowing. All doubtful seed should be steeped 
for half-an-hour before sowing in a preparation of the 
petroleum emulsion at the strength of half-a-pint to two 
quarts of water. Dusting the growing crops freely with soot 
or lime, or both combined, will check the depredations of the 
beetle and encourage the crop. Spraying with Paris green, 
one ounce to twelve gallons of water, is a preventive. 
TURNIP FLEA.—/Phyllotreta nemorum). 
The turnip flea is very injurious to turnips, radishes, 
and brassica generally when in the seedling stage of exist- 
ence. Its ravages may be checked by spraying with Paris 
green, or dusting with soot or lime, as recommended for the 
pea weevil. Watering with liquid manure is objectionable to 
the flea, and promotes the growth of the plants. Spraying 
with petroleum emulsion is also a preventive; apply at the 
rate of half-a-pint to ten gallons of water. 
TURNIP FLY or NIGGER.—(Athalia spinarum). 
These flies do not taste the turnips but only come to 
them on family business: they deposit their eggs on the 
under side of the leaf, glueing them on the cuticle. The eggs 
hatch in about nine days and the young maggots at once 
commence feeding in right earnest. In an incredibly short 
space of time the green of the leaf is gone, and nothing is 
visible but the naked skeletons of veins, which the niggers 
do not choose to consume. A whole field of swedes is 
completely destroyed by these little maggots in a few days. 
Spraying with Paris green at the rate of one ounce to 
sixteen gallons of water will destroy the maggots and save the 
crop, if done in time. Ducks may be turned into the field 
to consume the maggots, but Paris green must not be used 
in that case or the ducks will be poisoned. 
CELERY FLY.—(Tephritis onopordinis). 
Two or more broods of the celery fly are likely to work 
great havoc among celery from June to November. The 
first attack should be watched for and the affected part of the 
leaf removed and burnt; if this is done at the commence- 
ment of the season, any further attack may be obviated. 
