The Dog Mammals 
it had to eat fish or starve and therefore learned to 
catch fish for itself. It thus gained its webbed feet. 
The spaniel was first used to start game birds for 
falcons both on land and water, as records five hun- 
dred years ago show; and the setter was also early 
developed as a dog that would sit down as soon as it 
located game, but pointers were probably developed 
independently. The spaniel, as its name indicates 
came originally from Spain. It was first used to 
spring feathered game for the hawk; while the sitting 
spaniel or ‘‘setter’’ was used to start birds to be 
caught in a net; and the pointer was used to point 
game which the hunter shot with the cross-bow,—all 
before gunpowder was invented. 
From ancient times almost every country had its 
sheep dogs, for one of the earliest needs for a dog 
was to aid nomadic man in guarding his flocks of 
cattle, sheep and goats. In the British Isles there 
have been developed three kinds of sheep dogs, 
the smooth coated, the bobtailed, and the collie. 
The collie was developed in the Highlands of Scot- 
land, but from what ancestors we do not know; 
he is famed for his loyalty and sagacity in caring 
for sheep, but he was scarcely known outside of 
Scotland before 1860. Now he is a favorite in 
every civilized country, and is highly appreciated 
for his intelligence and beauty. Every one inter- 
ested in collies should read ‘‘Bob, Son of Battle,” 
for this book gives a true picture of the skill of these 
wonderful dogs in their native Highlands. 
The terriers seem to have originated in England 
and are of hound origin,—probably a mixture of fox- 
hound or wolfhound and deerhound. They were 
probably mongrels of small size in that they were 
used to hunt badgers, foxes and rabbits in their bur- 
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