34 THE BOOK OF GARDENING. 



appearance : from B the view of the house is partly hidden by 

 the crest C and the hillock D. To remedy this evil, all the soil 

 above the dotted line in C and D should be taken off and 

 brought to E, filling the deep hollow there represented. A long 

 sweeping line should be formed. Such obstacles as C and D not 

 only intercept the view, but also give to the surface a confined'! 

 appearance, while by their removal the opposite effect is obtained,! 

 In large gardens and parks it is only the surface of the ground 

 close to the house and the drives that are dealt with. The 

 remainder is left untouched. 



Artificial undulations of the ground, if used with care and 

 taste, are very decorative, and the happiest effects and contrasts, 

 giving a great variety of aspect, are possible. On a perfectly 

 flat ground, when a large surface has to be dealt with, it is not 

 advisable to use them. In the case of a lake, which has been 



Fig. 26. — Method of Arranging Direct View. 



dug, the excavated soil can be used to raise the verges of 

 the lawn ; but, in such situations, decorative aspects depend 

 more on the plantations. In Fig. 27, the plan of a villa garden 

 is given, together with the longitudinal section (AB), and the 

 transverse section (CD), illustrating the formation of the ground- 

 surface. In the middle of the lawn is a cemented lake (F), and 

 with the earth excavated, a mound has been formed at E, serving 

 as background to the picture. The side facing the lake (F) is 

 covered with rocks, planted with herbaceous plants and ferns, 

 hiding the filling-pipe, and so disposed as to form a cascade. The 

 remainder of the mound is planted with shrubs and trees, "and 

 on the top is a summer-house. The boundary walls are hidden 

 by thick plantations of shrubs and trees (G,G), and H is a shady 

 resting-place. The groups JJ, close to the house, are composed 

 of Rhododendrons and Kalmias. The groups KK are planted 

 with evergreen shrubs and other plants. LL are two Weeping 

 Willows. MM are Conifers planted on small eminences with soft 

 slopes. N is a Bamboo. O is a red Horse-Chestnut, and at PP 

 are specimens of Chamasrops in their summer garb. The beds 



