42 



THE BOOK OF GARDENING. 



whole surface should be excavated and the space filled with 

 clinkers to a depth of ift., these being well rolled to prevent 

 sinking. The clinkers should then be covered with a layer ot 

 8in. of soil, which must also be well rolled, and then sown with 

 a special mixture of seed. 



Shaded Places. — In woods, grass does not succeed well; 

 but, where there is still enough air and light, some may be ■ 

 obtained by sowing a mixture of Poa netncralis, Anihoxanthum 

 odoratum, and Festuca heterophylla. Borders under trees which! 

 cannot be formed with turf are very effective when planted 

 with Irish Ivy (Hedera Helix hibernica), transferred from pots, 

 pegged down with wires and covered with sifted soil. They 

 should be kept clean and watered when the ground gets dry, and 

 be trimmed every year. In the case of deciduous trees, there • 

 are many bulbs and tubers — Cyclamens, Winter Aconites, &c.-^ 

 which may be utilised. See Chapter X. 



The Lake, Kew Gardens. 



