124 THE BOOK OF GARDENING. 



and flower profusely for years, if liberally manured annually, and 

 the old wood is cut out when becoming congested. There are 

 probably not more than six or eight distinct varieties, the 

 Double White and Double Yellow being the best and most 

 ■enduring in flower. 



The above about covers the field so far as varieties are con- 

 -cerned, with the exception of the Japanese Roses (R. rugosa), 

 which are dealt with under "Trees and Shrubs." There are, 

 however, the pests to be considered, and as these are very 

 numerous, requiring for purposes of actual identification more 

 •entomological knowledge than is possessed by the average 

 gardener, this portion of the subject has been treated by my 

 collaborator, Mr. W. D. Drury. 



Insect and other Enemies. 



Few plants have a more unenviable reputation for harbouring 

 pests than the Rose; indeed, when we come to consider the host 

 of insects which live upon it, we wonder that such good results 

 are obtained in those gardens where the owners are able to devote 

 little attention to their cultivation. To treat the subject of 

 Rose pests in a very thorough manner would involve the writing 

 •of a special chapter. Here all that will be attempted is to 

 briefly enumerate the commoner and more destructive foes, and 

 the methods of dealing with them, referring those who seek for 

 further information about such of them as are to be found upon 

 •other plants as well to the chapter " On Pests in General." 



The most troublesome of the pests affecting Roses are Aphides, 

 Moth Caterpillars, Sawfly Caterpillars, Thrips, Earwigs, Ants,' 

 Weevils, Rosechafers, Leaf-cutting Bees, Rose-leaf Hoppers, Rust, 

 and Mildew. Cockchafer grubs are now and again injurious to the 

 roots of Roses ; and Scale insects very occasionally assert them- 

 selves. The former is always a difficult insect to deal with ; but 

 the latter may be readily dislodged. Apart, too, from the foes 

 enumerated, there are some curious growths known popularly as 

 Rose-galls, which require something more than passing mention, 

 as they occur so frequently alike on wild and cultivated Roses 

 that every gardener who is anxious to be progressive would like 

 to peep a little way into the life-history of these interesting and 

 •curious structures. First, as to the 



Aphides. — These are by far the commonest and best known 

 of Rose pests, though the methods of dealing with them satis- 

 factorily present not a few difficulties to even the most energetic 



