ON TREES AND SHRUBS. 37 1 



is of dwarf habit, rarely exceeding 3ft. in height, and succeeds 

 admirably in boggy soils ; useful for the shrubbery. B. fruticosa 

 grows 4ft. taller than B. nana, and thrives under identical 

 conditions. The Birches are very accommodating, and grow 

 freely in poor soils. 



Gesalpinia japonica (C. sepiarid) is a somewhat rare shrub, 

 introduced from Japan about forty years ago. It is quite hardy 

 in this country, and delights in a peaty, well-drained soil and a 

 sunny position. It is of spreading habit, with soft green leaves, 

 composed of numerous small pinnules. The long, nearly erect 

 racemes bear from twenty to thirty rich yellow flowers, which 

 contrast well with the red anthers. A useful shrub for 

 massing. 



Calophaca wolgarica (Colutea wolgaricd) thrives in sandy 

 soil, and bears numerous racemes of yellow pea-shaped flowers 

 from June to August, these being succeeded by brownish-red 

 seed-pods. It is a low-growing ' shrub, and suitable for 'the 

 front of the shrubbery. It may also be worked on the 

 Laburnum, several feet above the ground-line; and if planted 

 at intervals amongst low-growing shrubs, produces a pleasing 

 effect. 



Calycanthuses. — Though not numerous, these comprise shrubs 

 with dull red, deliciously-scented flowers. They thrive best in 

 partial • shade, and delight in a rich moist loam. C. floridus 

 (Carolina Allspice) is an old inhabitant of our gardens, having 

 been grown in this country since 1726; it is generally met with 

 as a low bush, but in suitable situations will grow 8ft. high. 

 C. glaucus (C. fertilis) is indigenous to the mountains of North 

 Carolina, and of much the same habit as the last-named; the 

 flowers are, however, less aromatic, and of a deeper shade of 

 purple. C. occidentalis {C. macrophyllus) is a delightfully sweet- 

 scented shrub, with large deep crimson flowers and ample bright 

 green leaves ; it grows about 6ft. high. 



Caragana arborescens (Siberian Pea-Tree) grows freely, and 

 flowers abundantly in dry soil ; it blossoms in quite a small state, 

 and succeeds well in smoky districts; its pea-shaped flowers are 

 bright yellow. C. Redowski is remarkable for its elegant habit; 

 its flowers, although , similar to those of the type, are borne on 

 long thin branches. C. frutescens, also indigenous to Siberia, 

 bears very freely its pea-shaped flowers in May, although in some 

 seasons it blossoms in April. It forms a roundish bush, of up- 

 right habit, and grows about 5ft. high. C. microphylla (C. alta- 

 gana), C. pygmcea, C. spinosa, and C. tragacanthoides are attractive 

 also. 



Carpinus (Hornbeams) are ornamental trees of good growth 

 in ordinary soil. C. Betulus is well known, but the cut-leaved 



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