1056 THE BOOK OF GARDENING. 



in late spring and again in July. Lime and soot, in the pro- 

 portion of three parts of the former to one of the latter, should 

 be distributed over the patches in June. 

 Hand-picking should also be resorted to, 

 while all pupa? and perfect insects should 

 be destroyed. Were it not for the good 

 •offices of several Ichneumon Flies these 

 pests would be even still more numerous. 

 Ichneumoned larvse should never be inter- 

 fered with ; they are readily told by the 

 groups of yellowish-white 

 cocoons surrounding the 

 unfortunate host. 



Fig. 679. — Pupa and Larva of 



PlERIS' BRASSICA. 



Another lepidopterous 

 pest is the Cabbage Moth 

 (Mamestra brassica) Cater- 

 pillar, which eats into the 

 hearts of Cabbages in 

 summer, rendering them 

 ■disgusting. Hand-picking 

 is the only remedy. The 

 Cabbage Fly {Anthomyia 

 brassica) and the Cabbage 

 Aphis {Aphis brassica) are 

 also troublesome. The grub 



of the former penetrates the stem if not prevented by liberal 

 ■dressings of soot and lime ; and the latter infests the under-surfaces 

 of the foliage, from which they should be washed with a soft soap 

 solution. Then there is the Snowy Fly {Aleyrodes proletelld), which 

 also infests the under-surfaces of the leaves. These insects are 

 very minute and have powdery wings. They should be treated to 

 a soft soap solution, or in very bad cases the infested leaves 

 should be removed and burnt. At the roots there are Wireworm 

 {see Chapter "On Pests Generally") and the Cabbage and Turnip 

 •Gall Weevil {Ceuthorrhynchus sulcicollis), whose yellowish footless 

 grubs set up irritation in the roots, causing them to "gall" and 

 eventually to rot. Gas-lime at the rate of one ton per acre should 

 be applied to destroy the pests left in the soil after the crop has 

 been lifted, and the ground then allowed to remain fallow for a 

 time. Neither Cabbages nor Turnips should be grown the following 

 season, and any cruciferous weeds should be promptly eradicated. 



Galls of another kind on the roots are due to the presence 

 of one of the Slime Fungi {Plasmodiophora brassicce), giving rise 

 to the disease known as Finger and Toe, Anbury, &c. 

 Quicklime is the remedy, and should be applied at the rate of 

 thirty bushels to the acre. The disease is readily spread by 

 workmen carrying the soil from an infected into a non-infected 

 area either on their boots or on the wheels of farm-carts. 



