ON PESTS GENERALLY. 



IO93 



Carrot, should be deposited on the earth and examined each 

 morning. The remedies suggested under "Wireworms" should 

 also be of service. 



Millipedes should not be confused with Centipedes, which are 

 flatter, slenderer, and more active animals, with fewer legs. The 

 latter are carnivorous, and of the greatest service to the gardener. 

 They are found under garden rubbish, pots, &c. More than one 

 species of Centipede is luminous, and on that account are 

 confused with Glow-Worms. 



Mottled Umber Moth (Hybernia defoliaria). — Caterpillars of 

 this insect are very destructive to Oak, Beech, Birch, Hawthorn, 

 as well as to fruit-trees generally. The female Moth is less often 

 recognised, on account of being wingless and presenting a Spider- 

 like appearance (Fig. 705). 

 The male is active enough, 

 and found upon the wing in 

 early autumn. He is variable 

 as to colour, but 

 usually whitish- 

 ochreous as to 

 fore-wings, which 

 are traversed by 

 two dark bands, 

 near which is a 

 dark discal spot. 

 The hind - wings 

 are lighter, and 

 the discal spot is 

 grey. Grease- 

 bands put round 

 the trees, as for 

 Winter Moth, will 



prevent the females from ascending, and they should be 

 examined and the insects destroyed. The caterpillars are over 

 iin. long, dark grey, marked reddish-brown, ■ with broad bright 

 yellow stripes upon the sides, except in segment 13 and the 

 head, which are orange-brown. The caterpillars become pupae in 

 the bark in early summer. They strip every part of the tree 

 with the exception of the bark. Paris Green, as for Codlin Moth, 

 should be employed when the caterpillars are on the feed, and 

 to catch the stragglers which fall to the earth tarred boards 

 should be placed beneath the tree. 



Red Spider (Tetranychus telarius). — Alike under glass and in 

 the open either this or a closely allied animal does considerable 

 damage to a number of hardy trees and low-growing plants like 

 Carnations and Violets ; while its ravages in connection with the 

 Hop are very well known. To many of our fruit-trees either Red 

 Spider proper or a very near relative, in the Bryobias, is a great pest, 



Fig. 705. — Male, Female, and Caterpillar oe 

 Mottled Umber Moth. 



