IIo8 THE BOOK OF CARDENING. 



Potassium Sulphide {Liver of Sulphur). — Potassium sulphide, 

 ^oz. ; hot water, igal. Apply when cool. This fungicide has the 

 advantage over Bordeaux Mixture that it leaves no spotting on 

 the fruit or plants. Excellent for Mildew. 



Flowers of Sulphur— -Though this has been largely super- 

 seded for various forms of Mildew by the Liver of Sulphur liquid 

 above named, it is nevertheless useful, as the substance is to 

 be found in most houses, and promptitude in dealing with pests 

 of any kind is important. This is best applied in the early 

 morning. 



Copper Sulphate Solution. — A useful preparation to apply 

 as a winter dressing only to plants which have been known to 

 be infested the previous season. Vines and other fruit-trees 

 may be treated with advantage, as also the walls of greenhouses, 

 as the preparation destroys the resting-spores of destructive 

 parasitic fungi. To lib. of sulphate of copper 25gals. of water 

 should be employed. To use this solution on foliage would be 

 fatal. 



Ammoniacal Solution of Copper Carbonate. — This makes a clear 

 fungicide, and may be employed where Bordeaux Mixture would 

 be prohibited. According to Mr. Clarence M. Weed it has been 

 successfully used in Apple Scab, Mildews, &c. His formula is 

 as follows : Carbonate of copper, 40Z. ; strong ammonia, ^gal. ; 

 water, 45gal. Mix the carbonate of copper with sufficient water 

 to form a paste, then add to the ammonia. Another advantage 

 of the fungicide is that the constant clogging of spraying nozzles 

 is obviated. 



Spraying Machines. — With these there is plenty of choice, and 

 the selection will depend largely upon the class of plants to be 

 sprayed — whether tall or dwarf, or whether outside or indoors. 

 The efficacy of a fungicide depends rather upon its method of 

 application than on any particular kind of machine. Boulton 

 and Paul are makers of first class spraying machines to suit all 

 gardens. In small gardens and with dwarf trees, Clarke's 

 Vermorel Knapsack Machine is a useful appliance. There are 

 also kept by all first class firms of horticultural sundries-men 

 nozzles to suit every class of work, fine or coarse. 



In the enumeration of plant diseases which follow, only those 

 affecting several kinds are noticed. Where, however, the disease 

 infesting any particular plant is sufficiently well known to come 

 under the 'designation of a pest, it has been dealt with under its 

 host-plant. 



Apple and Pear Scab (Fusidadium dendriticum) is a 

 disease very familiar to the ordinary observer, as the spotted 

 appearance of the fruit renders it most unsightly and unsaleable, 

 as_ in bad cases the fruits crack. Spraying with weak Bordeaux 

 Mixture early in the season is the treatment advocated by 

 American specialists in plant diseases where Apple Scab is 



