140 BULLETIN UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 
dyke, who has anchored all over the lake; his experience on the lake ex- 
tends over a period of many years. Compared with the size of the lake 
the swampy country is small. From this it would appear that the breed- 
ing grounds for most of the fish must be in regions distant from the lake, 
causing long migration periods. This is made more apparent from the 
fact that fish are rarely caught any place in the lake except at or near 
the streams entering the lake, or at the outlet. 
Flathead Jake is popularly supposed to be very deep. I was told it 
was 1,500 feet deep in places. During the summer of 1899 some twenty 
soundings were made in the lake and rivers. The greatest depth ob- 
tained was 280 feet. The location of this may be found by referring to 
the map. Eugene Hodge, captain of the Klondyke, states that nowhere 
is the water deeper than this sounding. 
McGovern Bay, on the rorthern end of the lake, is about seventy 
feet at the deepest. Flathead river has filled in a large amount of sedi- 
ment. East of the mouth of Flathead river the drop in depth is sudden 
from the river bar. The deepest portion of the lake is off shore on the 
east side, next the Mission mountains. In high water a great deal of 
land at both ends of the lake is covered. If the depth of the lake should 
be lessened by ten feet, thousands of acres at the lower end would be un- 
covered. The annual rise and fall of the lake is from ten to fourteen 
feet, but it has risen as much as nineteen feet in a season. The lake 
acts as a huge reservoir for water storage, but overflows much land al- 
most every year when it is at the highest. The amount of water flowing 
into the lake and out of the lake annually has not as yet been determined. 
Life in Flathead is scarce. Although some species are taken in 
great abundance, the cold clear waters, with rocky bottom and banks 
and with few marshes, make life scarce as compared with similar bodies 
of water located in warmer climates at lower altitudes. 
It is impossible to present the results on Entomostracan work in this 
paper. These results will be prepared separately. The work of collect- 
ing has extended over four seasons, and many data have accumulated. 
During the summer of 1899 collections were made on various portions 
of the lake. Report of this work has been made. In 1900, col- 
collections were made by Prof. L. A. Youtz, then of Montana Wes. Uni- 
versity, now at Lawrence University. In 1901, Maurice Ricker, of Burling- 
ton, Iowa, carried on the investigations. These studies have been mada 
jin but two months of the year, July and August. It is important that col- 
lections be made during other months of the year, in order that seasonal 
changes may be studied. 
In 1902, collections were made during the months of July and August 
by Maurice Ricker and the writer. Pumpings were made almost daily, 
as the weather would permit. Specimens were taken at depths from sur- 
face to 130 feet. 
Collecting around shore is confined to the country adjacent to either 
end of the lake. On the eastern bank the Mission mountains come down 
to the water’s edge, with a few benches at different places. There are 
no large streams entering the lake from the mountains on the east. In 
the 30 or 35 miles of bank there are only four or five small streams of 
