Inrropucrory XX 
Austral Zone and Austroriparian fauna. The mean 
annual temperature of this area is about 59°. Bay, laurel, 
sumac, pokeberry, black and dew berry, blue and huckle 
berry, azalea, partridge berries, ferns, wax myrtle, and bay 
berry are commonly distributed; while the trees are repre- 
sented by the short- and long-leaf pines, red and white 
cedar; white, red, and pin, chestnut, post, and Spanish 
oaks; hickory, black walnut, maples, dogwood, sassafras, 
black-gum, syeamore, beech, locust, persimmon, yellow 
poplar or tulip, chinquapin, holly, cypress or Juniper, 
willow, and live oak. Chestnut trees were formerly quite 
numerous through the area between the York and James 
rivers, but the majority have succumbed to the dreaded 
chestnut blight. The well known magnolia also grows to 
a large size in the yards and gardens, and we have also 
the crépe myrtle and altheas, ete. 
Central Virginia, or the territory between the Tide- 
water line and the Blue Ridge Mountains, lies in the 
Carolinian fauna, with an altitude of seldom over five 
hundred feet, and a mean annual temperature of about 
55°. The flora of this section does not differ greatly from 
the Tidewater section, but with such trees as the live oak, 
black-gum, cypress, and fig, omitted. 
The “Valley,” between the Blue Ridge and the Shenan- 
doah and Alleghenian ranges, is also in the Carolinian 
fauna, with an altitude ranging from about 240 feet to 
about 1,865 feet at the summit in Augusta County, and on 
up to 2,594 feet at Mount Airy, in Surry County, N. C. 
In the mountains we have both the Alleghenian and 
Canadian fauna, with a mean annual temperature of 
about 45°, and such trees as the hemlock, yellow poplar, 
cherry, white oak, spruce and balsam, are found. The 
beautiful rhododendron is also plentiful in suitable locali- 
ties. 
