OF VIRGINIA 155 
should be protected, for they do much good by destroying 
great quantities of insects, caterpillars, beetles, and their 
eggs and larve. They are more sociable than the Hairy 
Woodpecker, and I have had a pair on my farm build in 
a maple tree within fifteen feet of my back door. 
[3894-C]. Dryobates pubescens medianus (Swainson). 
Downy Woodpecker, 
Rayex.—Canadian and Transition zones of northern 
and central parts of eastern North America from south- 
eastern Alberta, Manitoba and southern Ungava south to 
eastern Nebraska, Kansas, and Potomac Valley, and in 
mountains to North Carolina. 
This bird takes the place of the preceding species in 
our interior, their range overlapping near the dividing 
line of Tidewater Virginia, and extending westward. 
Professor Smyth records it as a resident the year round 
at Blacksburg, where it breeds commonly; the earliest set 
of eggs April 24th. My father also found it common at 
Goshen and Massanetta, where it raised two broods. The 
notes on the former species will apply equally as well to 
this form. J found it very abundant in the higher 
Alleghenies at an altitude of 4,000 feet, and over. 
[395]. Dryobates borealis (Viewllot). Red-cockaded 
Woodpecker. 
Ranexr.—Austroriparian zone of the South Atlantic 
and Gulf States north to southern Virginia, Tennessee, 
and southern Missouri, and casually to New Jersey. 
