OF VIRGINIA 223 
they also breed, and last seen November 2nd, while in 
the Tidewater region they arrive about the first of April, 
and migrate southward November 1st to 15th. 
SUBGENUS AMMODRAMUS. 
[546]. Ammodramus savannarum australis (Maynard). 
Grasshopper Sparrow. 
Raneu.—FEastern North America. Breeds in Austral 
zones (sporadically in transition) east of the Great Plains 
from southern Wisconsin, southern Ontario, and southern 
New Hampshire south to southern Louisiana, central 
Alabama, northern Georgia, and northern South Carolina; 
winters from southern Illinois and North Carolina south 
to the Bahamas, Cuba, Cozumel Island, Yucatan, and the 
Gulf Coast of Mexico; casual in Maine. 
There is no mistaking this chunky little sparrow for 
any other, especially during the breeding season and early 
fall. Even within the town and city limits he sits on the 
top of some low bush or weed stalk, pouring forth his 
song, and when thus seen he seems as broad as he is long. 
When he flies the rapid wing beats distinguish him from 
any of the other resident sparrows, while the yellow on 
the bend of wing also makes him an easily marked bird. 
As the heat of the day advances he retires to the ground 
amongst the long grass and broom sedge, and the song, 
when given from such a location, seems far distant and 
weak, suggestive of a grasshopper, as some writers put it. 
The old name, “Yellow-winged Sparrow,” was far more 
appropriate, I think. In this section the nest is one of 
the hardest of all ground-nest-building birds to find, even 
though it is so common. The nest is sunken in some slight 
