344 THE BIRDS 
HYPOTHETICAL. 
GENUS PENTHESTES. 
[735]. Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus (Linneus). 
Chickadee. 
Ranezn.—Canadian and Transition zones of eastern 
North America from southeastern Keewatin, southern: 
Ungava, and Newfoundland south to central Missouri, 
Illinois, northern Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, northern 
New Jersey, and in the Alleghenies south to North Caro- 
lina; somewhat further south in winter. 
There is still some doubt but that all the Chickadees 
breeding in our State are the following species, or Carolina 
Chickadee, which is a common breeder both in Tidewater 
Virginia and the Alleghenian zone. It is supposed to 
breed in our Canadian zone, but a careful search on my 
part, and a series of skins from that section, failed to clear 
up this point. They migrate sparingly through our Alle- 
ghenian zone in early September. There is, however, 
little difference (except size) in these birds, their nesting 
habits, food, etc., from that of the following species, to 
which I refer my readers; other than advanced ornitholo- 
gists. Even at Mountain Lake vicinity, with an altitude 
of 4,000 feet and upwards, I found the breeding birds to 
be the Carolina Chickadee, their nesting habits there 
being similar to those of lower altitudes. 
736]. Penthestes carolinensis carolinensis (Audubon). 
Carolina Chickadee. 
Rancre.—Southeastern United States. Breeds in 
Carolinian and Austroriparian zones from central 
