STARFISHES 211 
A. miniata. Pentagonal; somewhat raised in center j. about one 
and a half inches across; edges sharp. Found on the California coast 
close to shore. (Plate LIII.) 
ORDER CRYPTOZONIA 
FAMILY s0LASTERIDE 
Genus Solaster 
S. endeca. Dark red in color; nine to eleven arms, which are shorter 
than the breadth of the disk; diameter of disk about five inches; two 
rows of ambulacra; surface rather smooth. Common on the coast of 
Meine; and found from Cape Cod to Newfoundland below low-water 
mark. 
S. decemradiata. This species is common on the North Pacific 
coast. It has ten arms, which are about twice the length of the diameter 
of the body, the whole body being about a foot across. (Plate LIII.) 
Genus Crossaster 
C. papposus. Twelve to fifteen arms, half as long as the breadth 
of the body; upper surface an open network of calcareous rods, or 
ossicles; at their points of union are club-shaped tubercles bearing 
tufts of smaller spines; concentric lines and spots of red and purple 
over the spiny upper surface; color light underneath. Common on the 
New England coast. (Plate LIII.) 
FAMILY ECHINASTERIDE 
Genus Cribrella 
C. sanguinolenta. This species is abundant north of Cape Cod and 
is found of all sizes from half an inch to two inches in diameter and of 
various colors — purple, orange, red, yellow, flesh-color, etc. It has five 
round arms, generally about four times as long as the breadth of the 
disk. The ends are often turned upward. It is covered with crowded 
short spines, like little warts, which give it a nearly smooth surface. It has 
two rows of ambulacra. It moves with two of its arms turned forward, 
as if they were dragging the other three behind them. Unlike most 
species, the young are not free-swimming, but the eggs are carried around 
the mouth of the mother, and the young are retained there until they are 
capable of taking care of themselves. (Plate LIV.) 
Genus Echinaster 
E. sentus. This species occurs close to shore in the waters of Florida 
and is perhaps the most commonly observed species on the beach. It 
extends as far north as New Jersey. It is purplish in color, and about 
four and a half inches in diameter, with two rows of ambulacra, five 
arms, and a surface rough with spines. 
