312 MARINE INVERTEBRATES 
these have been introduced from the East by the agency of 
man, but others no doubt have a natural range through the icy 
waters north of America and down through the Bering Sea into 
the Pacific. 
THE CALIFORNIAN PROVINCE 
The Californian province extends from the neighborhood of 
Vancouver to Cape St. Lucas and has about five hundred species. 
The northern portion of this area contains some very charac- 
teristic forms, together with a good mixture of species of more 
northern habitat; it might properly be regarded as a subproy- 
ince. From San Diego south to the cape the character of the 
fauna gradually changes; this coast-line of southern California 
has also been considered a subregion. The main characteristic 
of the Californian province is a large development of Haliotis, of 
the patelliform mollusks, and of the chitons. A very few minutes 
on any good collecting-beach of California would convince the 
Eastern conchologist that he had entered upon an entirely new 
field of research. The most notable genera are Cglhostoma, 
Chlorostoma, Scurria, Acmca, various genera of the Chitgnide, 
Purpura, Monoceras, Amphissa, Norrisia, Olivella, Chorus, and 
Haliotis. 
THE PANAMIC PROVINCE 
The warmer waters of the Gulf of California belong to the 
Panamie province, which extends down to South America. This 
is one of the richest and most interesting faunas in the world. 
At Panama alone, Mr. C. B. Adams, a noted collector and 
student of conchology, took upward of four hundred species. 
About eight hundred species are known in the Gulf of California 
alone. 
It must be borne in mind that these faunal provinces relate to 
littoral and shallow-water species, for the present knowledge of 
deep-water forms is not sufficient to permit of generalization 
upon their distribution. 
We review here only the conspicuous forms along our own 
coasts. It may be well to note, however, that in some other 
parts of the world the development of molluscan life is far 
