492 
189; cf. with reptiles, 193, 194; 
of embryo chick, 480; energy of, in 
Hummingbird, 83; impressions on 
bones, 194; pectoral, 190; of skin 
in Goose, 188; of skin in Penguin, 
188; structure of, 193; of wing and 
breast of Pigeon, 190; of wing in 
Owl Parrot, 333 
N 
Neck, of Flamingo, 281; Heron, 281; 
Loon, Snake-bird, 282, 283; 
Swan, 282 
Neck vertebrex, cf. with Giraffe, 73, 75; 
ef. with man, 72; cf. with reptile, 
73 
Nerves, action of, 198; cerebral, 202 
Nervous system, 196, 198; of Pigeon, 
197; reflex, 197, 198 
Nest, of Mourning Dove, 439; Mallard 
Duck, 447, 448; Laughing Gull, 437; 
Great Blue Herons, 450; Humming- 
birds, 448; Anna Hummingbird, 
443; Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 
449; Junco, 434; Kingfisher, 444; 
Nighthawk, 455; Ostrich, 453, 454; 
Burrowing Owl, 442; California Part- 
ridge, 438; Black Skimmer, 454, 
456, 459; Tern, 453, 456, 457; Hairy 
Woodpecker, 444, 445 
Nictitating membane, of alligator, 215; 
Eagle, 214; human eye, 215; Brown 
Thrasher, 213 
Nighthawk, colour of eggs of, 454, 455; 
nest of, 455; number of eggs laid 
by, 442; protective coloration in, 
296, 301 
Nostrils, of bird, 204; of deer, 204 
Notochord, of Amphioxus, 66; of 
Boltenia, 67 
Nuthatch, bill of, 245; foot of, 3590 
Nutrition, 116-141 
977. 
PTS 
O 
Odour in birds, 287 
Oil-gland, 286, 287 
Oology, 451 
Orbit, of Apteryx, 255; 
Oriole, foot of, 360 
Osprey, food of, 155, 156; foot of, 347; 
method of fishing of, 154; use of 
wing in young, 322; wing of, 351 
Osteology, 62 
Ostrich, body-feathers of, 288; cause of 
downiness in feather, 35; colour of 
eggs, 453, 454; compared with Moa, 
13; cross-section of wing-bone, 175; 
eggs of, 436, 453; embryo (40-day), 
of Owl, 255 
Index 
479; eyelashes of, 257; leg of, 100; 
length of intestines, 140; neck and 
vertebra of, 69, 71; nest of, 453, 454; 
number of eggs laid by, 433; pro- 
tective position of, 306, 307; skele- 
ton of leg, 99; specific difference in 
eggs, 460; sternum of, 81; tail of, 
402; toes of, 358, 394, 395, 396; 
wing of, 321, 337, 338, 339 
Owl, aggressive coloration of Snowy, 
309, 313; cause of downiness in 
feathers, 35; colour phases of Screech, 
314; eggs of Screech, 441; food of 
Barn, 158; food and feeding habits 
of Burrowing, 162; food of Elf, 158; 
food of Strenuous, 158; food-pel- 
lets ejected by, 132, 133; foot of 
Burrowing, 373; foot of Snowy, 375; 
iris of eye of, 256; nest of Burrow- 
ing, 442; orbit cf Barred, 255; posi- 
tion of eyes in Barn, 252, 253, 254; 
sight of Barred, 211 
Owls, bills of, 242; colour of eggs of, 
451; foot of, 373, 374; number of 
eggs laid by, 440 
Ovary of fowl, 464 
Ovenbird, 365, 366 
Oyster-catcher, bill of, 238, 240; food 
of, 153 
P 
Palate, 111 
Paradise, King of Saxony Bird of, 276; 
269; Six-shafted Bird of, 267, 260, 
Superb Bird of, 277; Twelve-wired 
Bird of, 348 
Parallelism, in feeding habits, 163, 164 
Paramecium, 463; keels, 83, 84 
Parrakeet, tail of Grass, 408 
Parrot, bill of, 242; colour of eggs of , 445; 
flight of Owl, 333; food of Kea, 161; 
foot of, 372; number of eggs laid by, 
441; use of wing in, 322 
Partridge, California, crest of, 259; nest 
andeggs of, 438; Plumed, crest of, 
259; Sealed, feathers of, 289, 290 
Passeres, foot of, 358, 359 
Peacock, feather of, 20; India, crest of, 
259; Java, crest of, 258; ribs of, 78; 
spurs of, 382, 383; tail of, 422, 423; 
train of, 422, 423 
Peafowl, tail of, 402 
Pectoral girdle, see Shoulder-girdle. 
Pelican, bill of, 228, 229, 330; colour 
of eggs of, 448; downy stage of, 54; 
foot of 355; full-grown, 59; glottis 
of, 166; half-grown, 57; method of 
fishing of, 152; nestling of Brown, 21; 
newly hatched, 30; tail of, 408, 409; 
tongue of, 120, 121 
