494 
Sapsucker, tongue of, 124 
Scales, of carp, 289, 290; 
birds, 356, 368 
Scapula, 84; position in various ani- 
mals, 88 
Scent-glands, of birds, 286, 287; of 
mammals, 286 
Screamer, Crested, 330; flight of, 329 
Sea-birds, colour of eggs of, 455 
Sea-eagles, food of, 157 
Sea-urchins, used as food, 145 
Secondaries, number in Albatross, 320, 
321, 325; in Hummingbird, 320, 321, 
on legs of 
325 
Secretary-bird, 378, 379; food of, 157 
Seeds, 427 
Segmentation of egg, 465-470 
Senses, 
hearing, 215-218; in Geese, 216 
sight, 207-215; in Barred Owl, 211; 
Eagle, 208; Woodcock, 208 
smell, 203-206; in Vultures, 205 
taste, 218, 219 
touch, 219, 222; in Apteryx, 219; 
Woodcock, 219, 220, 222 
Seriema, 17; eyelashes of, 257; habits 
of, 15; relation to Phororachus, 15 
Shark, back-bone of, 68;  gill-bars of, 
113; skull of, 104; tooth of, 20 
Shore-birds, number of eggs laid by, 
436 
Shoulder-girdle, 84-88, 85; bones com- 
posing, 84; evolution of, 86, 87; 
of fish, 86, 87 
Shrike, Puff-back, feathers in, 287 
Size, as correlated with distribution, 
295 
Skate, egg of, 428, 429 
Skeleton, of man, leg of, 99; Ostrich, 
leg of, 99; Pigeon, shown by X-ray 
photograph, 63; Rooster, compared 
with contour of body, 65; ways of 
preparing, 64 
Skimmer, bill of, 231, 232; Black, nest 
and eggs of, 454, 456, 459; colour 
of eggs in Black, 454, 455, 456, 459 
Skin, layers of, 19; products of, 20 
Skull, 103-115; bones of, 107; evolu- 
tion of, 104-106; origin of, 103-104; 
section through, 201; alligator, 105; 
Eagle, 106; Hawk, 199, 200; Heron, 
199, 200; shark, 104 
Sleep, birds in, 344, 355 
Sloth, head of, 210 
Snail used as food, 148, 453 
Snake, egg of, used as food, 157, 429 
Snakebird, bill of, 228, 229; body- 
feathers of, 289; foot of, 391; method 
of fishing of, 154; neck of, 282, 283; 
stomach of, 139 
Index 
Snipe, bill of Dowitcher, 241; fighting, 
see Ruff. 
Snowshoes of Grouse, 380, 381 
Snowflake, colour of change in, 297 
Sparrow, albinism in English 314; 
crop of English, 129; effect of cli- 
mate on song, 292, 295; effect of 
humidity on White-throated, 291, 
294; flight of, 328; moult of wing- 
feathers of, 46; moult of body- 
feathers of, 52, 53; neck of White- 
throated, 74, protective coloration 
in, 299; stomach-glands of, 135; 
tail in moult of, 409; tail of Vesper, 
414 
Specialization of feet, 358 
Spoonbill, bill of, 236, 239; use of wing 
in a, 350 
Spurs of fowls, 382; of Peacock, 382, 
383; Peacock Pheasant, 383; struc- 
ture of, 382 
Squid, used as food, 150, 153 
Starling, food of Red-winged, 162, 163; 
Wattled, see Locust-bird 
Sternum, function of, 81; value in 
classification of, 80; of Flamingo, 80; 
Ostrich, 81 
Stilt, 237 
Stomach, 134-140; of Chicken (young), 
135; English Sparrow, 135; Snake- 
bird, 139 
Storks, food of, 157 
Sugar-bird, food of, 144 
Sulphur-tyrant, food of, 161 
Swallow, food of, 360; tail of Barn, 405, 
407 
Swan, foot of Black-necked, 390; 
neck of, 282; protective coloration 
in Black-necked, 305, 306; sleeping 
position of, 345; specific difference in 
egg-shells, 460; trachea of Trumpeter, 
170; weight of Trumpeter, 285; 
wing-bone of Black, 175; use of 
wing in defence, 346 
Swift, bill of Chimney, 244, 245, 246; 
foot of, 368, 369; nest of, 118; tail 
of Chimney, 410, 412; wing-feathers 
of, 42 
Swiftlets, nest of, 119; use of nests, 
120 
Swim-bladder of fishes, 178, 179 
Swimming compared with flight, 327 
Syrinx, drum of Mallard, 168, 170; 
structure of, 172 
T 
Tail, of Archeopteryx, 398, 399, 400, 
401; evolution of, 398-403; feathers 
of, 402, 403; lack of, in Emeu, 402, 
404; in Cassowary, 402 
