32 Veterinary Medicine. 



spore bearing filaments and spores, but he failed to transmit them 

 to two asses by sprinkling the powder on a blistered surface on 

 the back. The experiment should be repeated on the raw kera- 

 togenous surface, or the abraded skin of young dogs and cats. 

 The probability is that if the cryptogam only takes occasion to 

 grow in the dead horn in connection with the destructive results 

 of shoeing, laminitis and other injuries, it still adds to the already 

 existing trouble by encroaching upon and breaking up the ad- 

 jacent horn. 



The successful treatment of seedy toe by paring down the 

 walls of the cavity to the solid, healthy, tough horn, packing the 

 cavity with tar and tow, and applying a carefully adjusted shoe 

 giving an even bearing for the hoof, and compression or support 

 by a clip or otherwise, may be held to favor the idea of parasitism ; 

 yet the general indisposition to advance by contagion is opposed 

 to the conclusion that the achorion is the main cause. 



ACTINOMYCOSIS. LUMPY-JAW. 



Occurs casually in domestic herbivora and omnivora, and in men. Experi- 

 mentally in dogs, cats, goats, rabbits, and Guinea-pigs. History : wens, 

 osteo-sarcoma, etc., clubbed cells figured in 1845, 1848, 1868, 1863, 1871, and 

 true nature demonstrated in 1876 by Bollinger. Distribution in temperate 

 zones especially, all altitudes, but mostly on damp lands, fens, polders, 

 steppes, bottom lands, with barbed wire fences. Ratio in different centres. 

 Cause : Actinomyces. Accessory causes : tonsillar follicles, raw gums, 

 dentition, youth, sucking, dry, fibrous winter fodder, buccal scratches, 

 aphthous fever, thrush, stubble, carious teeth, gland ducts. Inoculations. 

 Actinomyces : yellow granules like sand grains, filaments, cocci, terminal, 

 divergent, (radiating) club-shaped cells forming tufts, first soft, later calcic, 

 with degenerating central granular mass. Artificial cultures : pleomorphism. 

 Virulence dependent on reaction in wound, and site of infection lesion. 

 Varieties. Placed among, moulds, cladothrix, streptothrix, oospora, and 

 bacteria by successive observers. Morbid anatomy ; lymphoid, epithelial 

 and giant cells, in cicatricial tissue, like sarcoma, bones swollen, chambered, 

 filled with sarcoma-like product, suppuration, advance followed by contrac- 

 tion, phagocytosis. Metastasis in lymph cells. Usual advance is by con- 

 tiguity. Symptoms : Skin has papillomata with microbe. Tongue becomes 

 hard, indurated, necrosed, caseous, ulcerous : Jaws swollen, rounded, with 

 points of softening, fistulas, ulceration : Palate, pituita, pharynx, aboma- 

 sum, liver, spleen, kidneys, peritoneum, lungs, pleura, mamtna, muscles^ 



