38 Veterinary Medicine. 



Advance by the lymphatics is, however, much less frequent 

 than in the case of tuberculosis, syphilis, glanders, strangles, etc. ^ 

 and when lymph glands are involved it is usually by reason of 

 their contiguity. 



Symptoms in Animals. Skin. Cattle and horses especially 

 suffer from one or more wart like nodules varying in size from a 

 flax seed to a hazel nut, having a hard fibrous capsule and often a 

 caseated or calcified centre. Ignatjew claims that lo per cent, of 

 the cattle from Southern Russia suffer from this. 



Tongue. This, too, is most common in horses and cattle, the 

 hard nodules forming on the surface or in the substance of the 

 tongue which becomes densely indurated (hence the names " holz- 

 zunge," " scirrhus tongue"). The centres of the nodules may 

 be necrosed and caseous, or there may be deep and irregular 

 ulcerations, showing the actinomyces tufts or granules. 



Javs^s and Face. The mo.st common seat of the disease in 

 animals is in the jaw bone, especially the lower, starting from the 

 alveolae, or in the soft tissues of the face starting from abrasions 

 or gland openings ("lumpy-jaw"). The jaw may show a 

 simple rounded exostosis or the whole ramus may be swollen to 

 a thickness of three inches and upward, with, as the disease ad- 

 vances, soft areas, or ulcers as the morbid process extends to the 

 soft tissues or skin. The implication of the soft ti-ssues leads to 

 extraordinary swelling, induration and distortion, the head sug- 

 gesting that of a hippopotamus. In the ulcers, or incisions the 

 yellow actinomyces tufts are easily found. 



Other seats. Similar nodules and thickening may be found 

 on the palate, the nasal mucosa, the pharynx, the fourth stomach, 

 the liver, spleen, kidneys or peritoneum, the lungs and pleurse, 

 the mammae, and the muscular system adjoining the great 

 splanchnic cavities. 



The disease is usually slow in its progress, though at times 

 when the germs are disseminated by the vascular system, it may 

 become acute. Acute cases, however, with rapidly multiplying 

 centres, are usually complicated by purulent infection. 



Actinomyces Muscolorum suis. Duncker found in the 

 muscles of swine a parasitic growth resembling the actinomyces of 

 the ox, but differing in some important particulars. Under a 

 magnifying power of 40 to 50 diameters this appears as a cluster 



