Aspergillosis of the Air Passages in Birds and Mammals. 53 



Lucet and T&ary, the malady may be acute or chronic. There is 

 great depression, dullness, and even trembling, with short, hur- 

 ried breathing, and bloody nasal discharge. The pulse is accel- 

 erated, the heart action tumultuous and the temperature elevated 

 (103° to 106° F. ), there are the percussion and auscultation signs 

 of pulmonary consolidation, and usually wheezing. There may 

 also be signs of nephritis. A positive diagnosis can only be made 

 by the recognition of the spores and filaments in the expectoration, 

 by their' culture in peptonized bouillon or on gelatine, and by 

 successful inoculation on birds. 



Acute cases may prove fatal in three days. Chronic cases may 

 last for months with impaired appetite and breathing and finally 

 marasmus. 



Lesions. In the acute form there is found generalized 

 haemorrhage into the lung and respiratory mucosa. The hsemor. 

 rhagic areas may be individually two or three inches in diam- 

 eter and the aspergillus filaments are found in the centre. Similar 

 haemorrhages have been found in the kidneys and intestinal 

 mucosa. 



In the chronic form the anterior lobes are splenized and of a 

 dark red. The pleura is thickened and shows yellowish pea-like 

 nodules, which have a necrotic centre with more or less caseated 

 matter and aspergillus filaments. 



Symptoms in Cattle and Sheep. Schiitz, Rockl, Plana, 

 Mazzanti, I/Ucet, Bournay, Konig and Hartenstein have recorded 

 cases in cattle and Mazzanti, one case in a lamb. Hartenstein 

 attributes to this fungus the catarrhal pneumonia of calves. The 

 patient fails in appetite, rumination and, in dairy cows, milk. A 

 feeble, hacking cough sets in with labored breathing and a double 

 lift of the flank and grunt in expiration. The symptoms are 

 essentially those of catarrhal inflammation which may be con- 

 sulted. The one diagnostic .symptom is the discovery of spores 

 and fllaments in the expectoration. 



Chronic cases bear a strong resemblance to tuberculosis, but 

 they do not re.spond to tuberculin. 



Lesions. Sometimes the pulmonary lesions resemble miliary 

 tuberculosis (Rockl and Plana), in other cases they reach the 

 size of a walnut, and in others there is an extensive hepatization 

 with more or less pleurisy. Klosterkemper noted a resemblance 



