8o Veterinary Medicine. 



stage, corresponding to the pericEsophagean and early subcutane- 

 ous life, the larva about lo to 15 mm. long. The second stage 

 corresponds to the month of May, and lasts about thirty days, 

 with the larva club-shaped and 13 mm. long. Spines are now 

 present on the ist, 2d, 3d, gth and last rings. In the third stage 

 the larva is pear-shaped, with more prominent spines, and corru- 

 gated skin, and a grayish yellow, and finally a yellowish brown 

 tint. 



The orifice enlarges, and the mature larva bores its way out, in 

 June, July or August, passes into the soil or under some project- 

 ing object, is transformed into a pupa, and in a month or six 

 weeks develops into the mature fly. 



Hypoderma Bovis. Ox-Gad Fly of Europe. This is 13 

 to 15 mm. long ; black, very hairy, and marked by longitudinal 

 bauds of shining black on the thorax ; abdomen black with a 

 front zone of white or yellow hairs, followed by one of black and 

 finally of reddish orange ; proximal half of legs black, distal half 

 yellow ; wings brownish ; face gray with white or yellow hairs. 

 Larva shorter and thicker than lineata, and devoid of spines on 

 the loth ring. Development and habits the same. 



The identity of the larvae found under the skin of horse and ass 

 is uncertain. 



Hypoderma Tarandi. Attacks the reindeer. Female 16 

 mm. long ; black, very hairy ; broad black band across the 

 thorax, which has yellow hairs ; abdomen, anterior zone with 

 yellow hairs, posterior with dun, legs black ; distally grayish 

 yellow. Larva like that of H. Bovis but larger. 



They attack the reindeer in July driving them from pasture 

 and up to the glaciers, or into smudge from burning grass. Are 

 said to cause emaciation or even to destroy the young. 



Hypoderma Bonassi found as larva in the American bison 

 strongly resembles the H. Lineata, and the same remark applies 

 to others given in our list and not fully identified. 



Dermatobia Noxialis. The larvae of this is found under the 

 skin of man, dog and ox in Mexico, West Indies and Central and 

 South America. It is grayish and steel blue, and almost hairless ; 

 wings pale brown ; face yellow ; 14 to 17 mm. long. Larva i 

 inch long ; with spines and hooklets on the first five rings, and 

 two strong hooks at the mouth. Dull white color. 



