132 Veterinary Medicine. 



broad ; punctations very fine, brilliant, yellow in median portion, 

 red on the sides ; eyes red ; scutum in mature yellow in centre, 

 red at the margins ; lateral grooves at first converging, then 

 diverging to the postero-lateral borders ; scutum in young semi- 

 transparent allowing the dark intestinal organs to shine through. 

 Venter yellowish with dark spots shining through. Anus red- 

 dish. Head (capitulum) red, mandibles with inner apophysis 

 bicuspid, and one rounded process ; dart (hypostome) with 3 rows 

 of teeth on each .side. I/Cgs yellow or red, tarsus with 2 hook- 

 lets, and one short sucker ; coxae I with 2 short denticles. 



Male. Pale or dark brown semi-transparent. Dart with six 

 rows of teeth, 3 on each side. Four anal shields, more chitinous 

 than in B. Annulatus, and ending posteriorly in points. Ab- 

 domen ends in a strong, chitinous, conical caudal appendix. 



Pathogenesis. This transmits protozoan hsemaglobinuria, 

 among cattle in S. Africa as the Annulatus and Australis do in 

 other parts of the world. It abounds in many regions in S. Africa 

 to which the piroplasma has not penetrated and its mere presence 

 there does not determine that disease. 



DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 



In the list of Boophilus have been entered Boophilus {Rhipi- 

 cephalus) Calcaratus of Caucasus, which Neumann considers as 

 identical with B. Annulatus of the United States : — the B. 

 (^Rhipicephalus) Caudatus which the same author identifies with 

 Rh. Microplus from Paraguay (our B. Australis) ; — and the 

 Haemaphysalis Rosea of the W. Indies, which both Curtice 

 and Neumann consider to be identical with Boophilus Annulatus. 

 With our present knowledge therefore any special description of 

 these may well be omitted. An uncertain species from Japan 

 alleged to have 5 rows of denticles on each side of the dart (hy- 

 postome) may also be held for further demonstration. 



OTHER RHIPICEPHALI. 



Other species of the genus Rhipicephalus are chargeable with 

 the local irritations caused by ticks generally but the transference 

 of specific infections of other kinds, is less common. In common, 

 however, with blood sucking or biting insects, when in great 

 numbers in presence of a pathogenic blood parasite and its 

 animal victim they may easily contribute to the diffusion of epi- 

 zootics. 



