Gastric Parasites of Swine. 257 



Symptoms. When at all numerous these bloodsuckers reduce 

 the blood, health, vigor and condition, the ill effects being most 

 apparent in the young animals. Anaemia with pallor of the visi- 

 ble mucous membranes and skin, a dry unthrifty aspect of the 

 hair, excess of dandruff, clinging of the skin to the structures, 

 lack of subcutaneous fat, and of mellowness to touch, sometimes 

 dropsical effusions in dependent parts, as beneath the jaws, 

 throat, or sternum, shrunken muscles, and some irregularity of 

 the bowels with mucous covered stools indicating gastric and it 

 may be intestinal catarrh. The mucus might be examined for 

 the ova of the worms. But in any case, if an animal from an 

 unthrifty herd shows this verminous disease of the stomach on 

 post-mortem examination, the remainder of the herd may be treat- 

 ed for the gastric parajsites. 



Treatment. In Stiles' hands no medication succeeded. The 

 hidden worm, encysted in the nodules of the musosa was not 

 effectively reached by any medicine introduced into the stomach. 

 Nevertheless the treatment advised for S. Contortus might be re- 

 sorted to in the hope of destroying the free worms and those that 

 may protrude their heads from the galleries. 



Prevention should be sought along the lines set down for the 

 destruction of the eggs and young worms during their stage of 

 existence outside the bovine host, and by the constant access to 

 salt which is destructive to the embryos as they are taken into the 

 stomach. 



Strongylus Vicarius. This is a worm found by Stiles in the 

 abomasum of sheep in the Gulf States, resembling the S. 

 0.stertagi, but distinguished by its still smaller size and by the 

 absence of the special covering for the vulva in the female. It 

 produces similar results and is to be opposed by the same 

 measures as the S. Ostertagi. 



GASTRIC PARASITES OF SWINE. 



Spiroptera Strongylina : White, curved, round, nude mouth, alated, tail 

 spiral in male, pointed in female, 4 to 8 lines long. Habitat : Submucous 

 tumors of stomach, swine. Gnathostoma Hispida : Hooked plates around 

 mouth. Habitat : Stomach of pig ; Russia, Austria ; burrows head in mu- 

 cosa, with congestion and exudation. Symptoms : Indigestion, gastric 



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