Round Worms (^Nematoids) of Solipeds. 269 



may follow the blocking of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. 

 Apart from these conditions are the general symptoms of unthrift- 

 iness, emaciation, anaemia, rough coat, pot-belly, the presence of 

 fur around the anus, the habit of passing a little liquid before def- 

 ecation, or there may be watery diarrhoea and in exceptional 

 cases nervous disorder. In one case tetanic symptoms .set in but 

 yielded promptly to vermifuges (Dieckerhoff). In another case 

 paraplegia yielded to anthelimintics (Damitz). The conclusive 

 symptom is the passage of the worms. 



Treatment. This is much more effective than in the case of 

 pin-worms, as the ascarides, living in the small intestines can be 

 much more easily reached with medicine, and as they live mainly 

 on the ingesta they consume and are killed by the vermifuge dis- 

 solved in these. Almost any vermifuge may be given, but tartar 

 emetic 2 drs. , given every morning, on an empty stomach, for six 

 days, and followed on the seventh by a good purgative proves 

 very effective. Oil of turpentine 2 ozs., in milk emulsion, or 

 thymol or santonin 3 to 4 drs. may be given. Benzine in a dose 

 of I J^ oz. is effective. Sulphate of iron 2 drs. and arsenious acid 

 10 grs., given every morning is often very effective though in 

 obstinate cases the writer has had to double the dose of the latter 

 agent. Vermifuge treatment is, however, of no avail unless the 

 access of fresh ova through the food and water can be prevented. 

 Water from deep wells, well protected by cement from surface 

 drainage, and careful sweeping of the stables to clear away in- 

 fested dust must be secured. Old pastures charged with the ova 

 must be avoided, especially for young colts. Finally the general 

 health and vigor must be sedulously looked after. 



Oxyuris Curvula {pxys pointed, oura tail) . The curved oxyuris 

 is a very common parasite of the large intestine, constituting one 

 of the common pin-worms of horsemen. The curve described 

 by the anterior part of the body has secured for this worm its 

 specific name (Curvula) as its sharply pointed tail has thegeneric 

 one (oxyuris). The. female is 1 to i^ inch long, thick anteri- 

 orly, attenuated gradually to a fine point behind, and, as it were, 

 cut off obliquely ; head conical, mouth round or, if the 3 papillae 

 are projected— triangular, furnished with three horny bars and 

 behind these with other folds beset with horny spikes. Vulva 

 about 10 mm. from the mouth, and anus in the anterior thick 



