276 Veterinary Medicine. 



(Sonsino) and Calcutta (Bomford), causing intestinal catarrh, 

 congestion, ecchymosis and thickening of the mucosa. It is sup- 

 posed to cause much of the prevalent haematuria in different parts 

 of Africa and Southern Asia. It has also been found in Italy 

 (Grassi and Rovelli). 



The mature worm found in the blood is easily recognized by 

 its syngamous habit, the male clasping the female in a ventral 

 canal or furrow, from the ends of which the delicate threadlike 

 extremities of the female project. As with other trematoids the 

 embryos enter the body with the drinking water and should be 

 guarded against in a similar manner. (See Distomatosis). 



INTESTINAL, CESTOIDS IN CATTLE. 



Taenia Denticulata. Moniezia Denticulata (serrated tape- 

 worm). An unarmed tape- worm about 8 to 15 inches long, 3 or 

 4 lines broad, with an expanded head (1.125 mm.), consisting of 

 four globular masses supporting four suckers, the segments near- 

 est the head 10 to 20 times as broad as long. Their posterior 

 border has a waving outline, and each widens from before back- 

 ward, so as to give the lateral border of the parasite a denticu- 

 lated appearance. The ripe segments are very thick, and gorged 

 with cuboidal ova 68 to 80 /u, in diameter. Larva unknown. 



Habitat. The small intestine. The most common tape-worm 

 of cattle. 



Pathogenesis. It may cause considerable intestinal irritation, 

 especially in the young, and has been known to induce epilepsy 

 (Eggemann). 



Taenia Expansa. Moniezia Expansa. The broad tape- 

 worm of ruminants may grow to 12 or 18 feet in length (100 

 feet, Rudolphi), but young specimens may be very short and at- 

 tenuated, thin and translucent. From a delicate filiform neck it 

 may reach a breadth of 2 to 2j^ cm. in the mature caudal seg- 

 ments. The unarmed head is small, round, with four suckers, 

 having elongated slit-like openings. The segments have a wav- 

 ing posterior border. Ova polyhedral, with transparent contents ; 

 50 to 80/A in diameter. Larva unknown . 



Habitat. Small intestine. 



Pathogenesis. Rarely injurious to cattle, but often very numer- 

 ous in small ruminants and disastrous. 



