Intestinal Parasites of Cattle. 277 



Taenia Alba. (Alba white). Moniezia Alba (white tape- 

 worm). This is distinguished from the broad taenia by its small 

 size, 18 inches to 7 feet, by its larger head (1.15 to 1.40 mm.), by 

 its hemispherical suckers, by its distinct neck, and by its thicker, 

 longer and narrower segments (10 to 12 mm. broad). Ova, 48 to 

 58 /A in diameter. 



Habitat. Small intestine of cattle and sheep in Italy (Perron- 

 cito), and France (Moniez, Railliet, Blaise). 



Treatment of Taenia in Cattle. As in all ruminants the 

 three first stomachs stand in the way of successful treatment, but 

 in the young in which these reservoirs are comparatively unde- 

 veloped, an easier success can be secured. The common taenia- 

 cides may be given : — male fern, kamala, pomegranate root bark, 

 kousso, pumpkin seeds, oil of turpentine, phosphate of strontia, 

 salicylate of soda, naphthalin, preceded and followed by an active 

 purgative. 



INTESTINAL NEMATOIDS IN CATTLE. 



Ascaris Bovis. Ascaris 'Vituli {vitulus calf). The ascaris 

 of the calf is a reddish white worm of the diameter of an earth- 

 worm and 4 to 6 inches long (male) ot 7 to 10 inches (female). 

 The head is small and distinct and mouth triangular with three 

 prominent lips having denticulated edges. Caudal end conical. 

 Male has two spicula and membraneous alse. In front of the 

 sub-terminal anus are two rows of about 30 papillae. Female has 

 the vulva close to the anterior sixth of the body. Ova 75 to 80 \>. 

 in diameter. 



Habitat. In the small intestine and especially in the young. 

 Exceptionally in the abomasum. 



Pathogenesis. Rarely hurtful to adults, but when present in 

 large numbers cause epizootics of indigestion, diarrhoea and 

 enteritis (Valisnieri), and even rupture of the bowel in calves 

 (Descomps). 



Treatment. In calves give the same treatment as in mono- 

 gastric animals. Empyreumatic oil 8 to 12 grams in mucilaginous 

 emulsion at night, followed next morning by a purgative 

 (Guittard). Oil of turpentine 2 to 4 drs. in milk or oil. Tartar 

 emetic i scr. followed by a purgative. In weak calves areca nut 

 2 drs. twice daily. Cadeac advises the following: male fern 8 to 

 15 centigr., tartar emetic 50 centigr., tansy root 15 grams. 



