286 Veterinary Medicine. 



worm is surrounded by some greenish debris ; in still larger pea- 

 like masses the greenish cheesy debris forms the principle con- 

 stituent amid which the worm is found with difficulty or not at 

 all, having already migrated into the bowel. The larger nodules 

 are usually partially calcified. The rounded nodules may be ag- 

 gregated in clusters, or there may be a canal filled with the cheesy 

 material representing a worm track. In some instances the 

 muco,sa has sloughed and the cheesy mass protrudes into the in- 

 testine. Curtice has traced worms even to the lymph glands of 

 the mesentery and believes that most of the encysted worms 

 perish, while the few that survive and escape into the bowel, do 

 so in the spring when their ova, escaping from the body, find con- 

 ditions more favorable to their survival outside. 



Diarrhoea and emaciation are results of the presence of these 

 worms in large numbers, and at the best the general condition of 

 a flock must be largely reduced by this parasite, yet it is surpris- 

 ing how all but universally the bowels are affected in sheep killed 

 in good condition. The tendency of sheep in America to lose 

 their old world rotundity, and to become more lank and leggy 

 often depends in no small degree on the ravages of this and other 

 parasites. 



Prevention. Must be sought first in the elimination of the 

 mature worms from the bowels by the use of the same agents as 

 in strongylus contortus. The avoidance of surface waters and 

 wells receiving leaching from the surface is all important. The 

 same land should not be depastured by sheep two years in succes- 

 sion. Put in a rotation of cultivated crops, or if that is impossible, 

 divide the pasture in two and use one-half on alternate years. 

 Give salt at will, and water from troughs rising above the surface 

 of the ground, and always moderately salted. 



Uncinaria Cernua (Cernuus bent down). Uncinaria of 

 Sheep. Dochmius Cernuus. This is a small worm with 

 yellow or red, rigid body, and the head and neck abruptly bent 

 dor.sad so that the mouth opens upward. Mouth round ; buccal 

 cavity chitinous with four curved teeth, two on each side, the 

 ventral pair the stronger. Two other teeth are situated deeper on 

 the ventral aspect. Male 14 to 18 ram. long; spiculum long, 

 curved, fenestrated, and surrounded by an infundibuliform bursa. 

 Female 20 to 28 mm. long, with vulva in front of the middle of 

 the body. Ova elliptical, transparent, often segmente.d. 



